Hyphenated American

Chinese Americans tend to keep their separate identity In the United States, there are multiple hyphenated Americans groups, such as African- American, Asian- American, Irish- American, and Indian- American. People hold American nationality, but have a foreign birth or origins tend to identify themselves in some term of Hyphenated Americans. It means that they are not only Americans, but also involve in different ethnicity, religion, language, and culture. Chinese- Americans comprises the largest ethnic group of Asian Americans.Most of the early Chinese workers immigrated from Guangdong province in China for the Gold Rush (â€Å"Chinese Immigrants and the Gold Rush†, n. d. ). Since 1865, lots of Chinese worker come to the United States and worked on the famous Transcontinental Railroad project. The Chinese also worked as small merchants, gardener, laundry workers, farmers, and so on. More and more Chinese Americans immigrated with their children from mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan(â€Å"Chinese Historycal Society of Southern California†, 2010).The Chinese Americans try to keep their Chinese culture, language, and community, and they tend to retain the separate identity. Chinese Americans tend to live together in their own culture community. According to the 2010 census, the Chinese American population was around 3. 8 million, and half of them lived either in  California  or  New York (â€Å"Race Reporting for the Asian Population by Selected Categories: 2010†, 2010 ). The Chinatown in San Francisco was the oldest and largest Chinese community in the United States.People can find Chinese culture elements everywhere in the Chinatown, for example, herbal shops, temples, dragon parades, Chinese book store, Chinese restaurant, Chinese language school, and even Chinese hospital. People living in the Chinatown communicate in Chinese language, and live exactly the same life style as people in China. Chinese Americans in New York also have such community in the Flushing area, know as Chinatown. There are Chinese transportation companies; travel agencies, and Chinese language school also. Almost every child in Chinese American family has attended Chinese language school after their regular school time.Their parents want them to keep ancestor’s culture, so they will always remember that they are rooted in China. There is a Columbus Chinese Christian Church in Columbus Ohio. Every Sunday, thousands of Chinese American Christians living in Columbus get together and model in the bible through teaching, music, and worship. After the teaching, people share a big dinner of Chinese food. Most of them speak Chinese, and only the new generations who were born in America prefer to speak English. Many of the old immigrated Chinese American even cannot speak English at all.Even though the kids speak English with each other, they can still speak frequently in Chinese with their parents. Chinese Americans stay in th eir own community to retain their culture, language, and customs. Chinese Americans are pride of their ethnic and culture. Music and dance are the common language among all human being. Chinese Americans hold Shen Yun performances all around the United States to spread Chinese art and music. Every year, students can see posts about Shen Yun performance on the wall around the OSU campus. The video Shen Yun 2013 Trailer on the Shen Yun website also shows some significant parts of the performance.Dancers wearing different styles of Chinese traditional ancient clothes performed the Chinese cultures of different dynasty and different ethics. The music play by Chinese traditional instruments was as good as the dancing. As it said in the video, the aim of the performance is to revive 5000 years of divine civilization. It shows Chinese Americans’ strong sense of pride of Chinese culture. Many of the new generation of Chinese American, which is also known as American born Chinese (ABC ), had a hard time to define themselves identity.A short story named â€Å"The Paper Menagerie† written by Ken Liu won the 2012 Hugo Awards. This short, bittersweet story describe Ken suffered a pain of having a Chinese born mom who was different with every else’s mom, also, whose accent and broken sentences embarrassed him (Ken, 2012). His mom taught him Chinese, cooked Chinese food, and made him Chinese tradition paper animals as toys. She liked to see the Chinese parts in her son. However, he hated his chink face and all the other Chinese parts from his mother. He refused to talk to her in Chinese even though she can barely speak English.After reading her lasting letter inside the paper animals after his mother’s death, Ken finally understand his mother’s life and know how much she loved him (Ken, 2012). There is an America born Chinese girl Amy Tan who define herself a completely American, and she wants nothing to do with China. However, she actually struggled a lot about which country she truly belongs to. Then she had a trip back to China with her mother. Tan said that once she touched Chinese soil, she better understood her connection to the land and to the country.She finally understood how she belongs to two cultures at the same, which make her accept her hyphenated identity, and view herself as a Chinese American. She said â€Å"I discovered how American I was. I also discover how Chinese I was. I discovered a sense of finally belonging to a period of history, which I never felt with American history†. She realized that â€Å"Once you were born Chinese, you cannot help but feel and think Chinese† (Lemontree, n. d. ). Ken and Amy all tried to refuse everything about China, and they want nothing to do with Chinese.Finally, somehow, they find the way to connect their Chinese heritage and American nationality, and they accept themselves as who they are. American born Chinese new generation all suffered from an un expected pain of trying to belong. They have Chinese faces; they were mostly raised up in Chinese community and eat Chinese food; they have Chinese friends and their family members speak Chinese at home. They don’t know which nation and culture they truly belong to. Sometime they feel embarrassed about having such a different family, and try to integrate into the American society.Their parents hope they can hold the hyphenated identity, because they are pride of Chinese ethnic and culture. Young generations always refuse to do so, but the Chinese heritages do exist in their body, and will have influences on their life. They need to honor their ancestor’s culture and accept combination of being Chinese and American. Reference Chinese Historycal Society of Southern California. (2010). Retrieved on Nov. 21, 2012, from http://www. chssc. org/history/histtimeline. html Chinese Immigrants and the Gold Rush (n. d. ). Retrieved on Nov. 21. 2012, from http://www. pbs. rg/wgbh/a mex/goldrush/peopleevents/p_chinese. html Ken,L. (2011). The Paper Menagerie. Fantasy & Science Fiction. Retrieved on Nov. 21, 2012, from http://a1018. g. akamai. net/f/1018/19022/1d/randomhouse1. download. akamai. com/19022/pdf/Paper_Menagerie. pdf Lemontree. (n. d. ). Hyphenated Identity: A Long Research Journey, Retrieved on Nov, 21, 2012, from http://ayjw. org/articles. php? id=696640 Race Reporting for the Asian Population by Selected Categories: 2010. (2010). U. S. Census Bureau, Retrieved on Nov. 21, 2012, from http://factfinder2. census. gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview. xhtml

The Three Certainties

Trust The Three Certainties An express trust will not take effect unless the three certainties are present . These certainties are (1)Certainty of words (2)Certainty of objects (3)Certainty of subject matter . It is therefore important to prove all three elements in the given scenario to prove that a trust exists . If any of these certainties are not present the trust fails and the donee of the property which is sufficiently defined ,takes the property as an absolute gift .If the words are imperative and thus raise a trust and the objects ascertainable but the property is not specified in terms of identity ,then there will be no trust ,for there would be nothing to hold and administrator of a trust property . This rule applies for all three elements ,there would be no trust without one or more of the elements not being present . The issue in the first scenario is; Whether all three of the certainties exists? Firstly certainty of words, this principle is that an expressed trust is cre ated where the settlers shows an intention to do so .It is therefore important to show settlers intention rather than moral obligation. Before 1830 proprietary words were construed by the courts of having the force to create a trust . The Common Law allowed an estate being disposed of to be vested in the execution . However after 1830 the law was changed by the executing act which provided that disposition of property should not go to the executor and the courts stopped construing precatory words as having the effect to create a trust. The words â€Å"I bequeath† and â€Å"I would like† is used in the given situation.The words of I bequeath $200,000 to my dear friend can be contrasted with that of Re Codrington where the testator’s wishes were carried out where he bequeted two of his plantations in Barbados to the society for the propagation of the Christian Religion . The main question was whether the will created a binding trust or not as the testator went on to use the word desire . It was held that a binding trust was created as Douglas CJ looked at the language in accordance with the law and intention .It is therefore necessary to look at the language intention and the law in this scenario . The words I would Like can amount certainty of words . The case of Lambe v Earnes (1871)held that precatory words in a gift and did not mean that the doner intended the donee to hold the property for trust . This has been enforced as trust ,gifts accompanied by precatory words . For example â€Å"Feeling Confidence †or in â€Å"Full confidence † in Re Adams and Kensington . It is not however an absolute rule that a trust can never be created where precatory words are employed .On the contrary if the instrument as a whole or the context in which precatory words are used ,indicates that a trust was intended ,the courts are quite prepared to give effect to the trust ,for example like Re Hamilton and Re Steel . If the words I would Like in this situation was intended to create a trust rather than a mere obligation then it can fall within the scope of certainty of words . Secondly, Certainty of subject matter . There are two aspects for the requirement of subject matter (1)Certainty as to the property held upon trust (2)Certainty as to the beneficial interest which each beneficiary is to receive .With respect to (a)The will or other instruments creating the trust must make it clear as to what property is to be bound by the trust . Can then â€Å"the remaining part of what is left in the first scenario constitute to that of subject matter? The case of Sprange v Bernard a testatrix gave property by her will to her husband for the sole use and directed that at his death whatever is left that he does not want for his own use was to be divided between her sister and brother . It was held that there was no trust, since it was uncertain what would be left after the death of the husband.How then could one know what would o f if anything be left after the death of Nancy, Gloria’s friend . The case of Re Beadmore Trust also went on to illustrate this as it said that the words of description in the latter case are of same interest and at the death,the remains part of what is left ,that he does not want for his own wants and use . The courts held that no valid trust could be created in such vague words . The question of the existence of the three certainties are also asked in the second situation to create a trust. I bequeath â€Å"in this situation may amount to certainty of words as Gloria may have intended to create a trust . Equity however look at intent rather than form of words used . The case of Re Codrington Agen shows this . Another case would be that of De Costa v Wilburton ,where intent is present there maybe no need for any precise technical expression to be employed . It is however left to the other two elements of certainty of objects and subject matter to create a trust . Certainty of objects â€Å"And in such times amongst such of the inhabitants of Grenada and as they shall in their absolute discretion think fit â€Å"The bjects of a trust are the person’s who are to benefit from it ,that is to say the beneficiaries . If the requirement for trust is clearly defined for example Aunty Angela ,Uncle Mukesh then the requirement is clearly satisfied . When the beneficiaries are not clearly identified by the vagueness used to described them there would be no trust . The test for certainty of objects differs accordingly to whether the trust id fixed or discretionary . A fixed trust is one which is beneficiary in allocating to a particular beneficial interest by the settler for example where $100,000 is given to my aunties and uncles in equal shares .A discretionary trust is one that trustees have a discretion as to which members of the class of beneficiaries are to benefit from the trust property and in what shares for example where $20,000 is transferred to trustee upon trust such as my employees or employers. Discretionary trust in the Old list test before 1970 was that as the same as fixed test where all the beneficiaries had to be named . The case of IRC v Breedway came up with the reasons for the Old test . One of the reasons for the old test was that (1)the court could not substitute its discretion for that of a trustee .There came a New test for Discretionary Trust . The House Of Lords in Mc Phail v Douton ,concerns a discretionary trust in favor of a certain Mr Bedens employees and ex employees preferred in Re Gasteneer and Re Gulberkan whether the words employed in describing the discretionary class are such that it can be said with certainty that the individual is /is not a member of that class. As illustrated in Mc phall case it was not possible to assert the possible beneficiaries . It may also be impossible for Gloria’s trustee to proceed upon the subject of certainty of object matter relating to the inhabitants o f the Island of Grenada .The third scenario given also has to prove all three elements in order to illustrate that a trust exists. Firstly certainty of words â€Å"I bequeath† in this scenario may have amounted to certainty of words as Gloria may have intended to create a trust . Equity however looks at the intent rather than forms of the words . Gloria goes on to say in â€Å"the expectation of† The case of Cary v Cary â€Å"When a testator ,having the power to dispose of property ,expresses a desire as to the disposition of the property ,and the objects to which he refers are certain ,the desire so expressed amounts to a command .The cases are clear on this subject ,that where the property and the objects are certain ,any word intimidating a wish or desire ,raise a trust ,if the objects be not certain ,a trust can no more be raised upon words of desire or request ,then upon words of actual devise . † This words in expectation of may amount to certainty of word s as it is an expressed desire my Gloria for her cousin Ann Marie to dispose her property (Wine ). Secondly In Re London Wine Co (Shippers )It was held that before any trust could be said to attach to and tangible assets comprise within the class of assets ,the particular assets have to be identified .For example His Honour Oliver J. stated a former who declares himself (without identifying them can be said to have created a preferred and complete trust whatever rights he may confer by such declaration of a matter of contract . But the mere declaration that a given number of criminals would be held upon trust could not create an interest . The example by Oliver J was in respect of trust of tangible assets in the nature of cases of Wine . The trust in Re London Wine Co was held invalid partially on the principle that this failure to segregate th wine to be held a trust rendered the subject matter of the trust uncertain .In Hunter v Moss (1993) the C. O. A. declined to apply the princ iple in Re London Wine Co in upholding that a trust is valid on the basis of intangible assets . This concept of intangible assets have not been sufficiently certain as to give rise to a valid trust ,It may therefore be left up to the courts to decide whether this situation amounts too certainty of subject matter . Lastly Certainty of Objects . Ann Marie in expectation will divide the contents of Gloria’s wine cellar to her old friends and in cases where there is doubt her trustees are responsible to designate who her old friends are.Where a trust would ordinarily fail because the class of beneficiaries is defined by conceptually inaccurate terms ,would such a trust be rendered valid where a third party id left to determine the meaning of the ascribed terms ? This scenario related to third parties ,Academic opinion is divided in this matter . Martin author of Hansbury and Martin asserts that conceptual uncertainty may in some cases be cured by providing that the opinion of th e third party is to settle the matter .On the contrary author said as Halton suggest if the concept is my far relatives or my old friends or my good business associates and the trustee are given the power to resolve any doubt as to whether a person qualifies the court can resolve the uncertainty. Re Track St (1978)Lord Denning saw no reason why a trust instrument should not provide that any dispute or doubt should be resolved . Re Bourogh v Philcox (1840 states that the test for powers /discretionary trust will at the oral determine whether the class is sufficiently certain.Gifts are expressed to be subject to a condition . The Applicator test was showed in Re Allen (1953) it states that such a trust will not fall for uncertainty of objects once it is possible to say at least one person that he/she satisfies the description of old friends . The effect of uncertainty of objects is that the resulting trust arises in favor of the transfer. It can therefore be said that the above scenar io can amount to certainty of objects ass may or may not be present according to the third party involved .Kate and Sierra may not know who Gloria’s old friends and good neighbors are and the gifts expressed may or may not result in favor of a class which fails for uncertainty of objects under the comprehensive list test. In Conclusion The first scenario did not include certainty of objects therefore a trust cannot be created, The Second scenario did not include certainty of subject matter a trust cannot also be created ,However the last situation entailed all three elements given case law and the relevant situation it may be left up to the courts to decide .

A Rose For Emily by William Faulkner Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

A Rose For Emily by William Faulkner - Essay Example After her father dies and at the age of thirty Emily meets Homer Barron, who is in town for work. Homer is Emily’s one chance at marriage, but Homer is not a marrying man (Faulkner 94). Homer plans on leaving Emily when the work on the sidewalk is finished, so she takes drastic measures to keep him as her own. The murder of Homer Barron is a consequence of Emily’s father control, Emily’s mental state, and Emily’s unrequited love for Homer. Emily is guilty of murdering Homer because it is clear from the text that she did it so that she can keep him by her side forever. Emily Grierson is completely suffocated by her father’s control. He takes drastic measures to keep Emily under his control, and prevent her from finding a husband. â€Å"We remembered all the young men her father had driven away†¦,† (Faulkner 93), is clear indication that her father drives most of Emily’s suitors away, and the reason she remains unmarried at the ripe age of thirty. Furthermore, the story paints an image of her father for us, â€Å"†¦his back to her and clutching a horsewhip†¦,† (Faulkner 93) a horsewhip that is used to drive all of the men in Emily’s life away. Upon her father’s death, Emily denies to the women that come to visit that he is even dead. Denying her father’s death, gives Emily the chance to control him by refusing to give up his dead body, even if it only lasts for three days. Her father’s death ultimately takes a toll on Emily’s sanity. Insanity runs in Emily’s family. Her great aunt, Old Lady Wyatt, had gone completely crazy (Faulkner 93). Throughout the story, Emily’s level of insanity is apparent. She refuses to come out of her house for years at a time after her father’s death, and is not seen by the town people until Homer Barron arrives in town. Miss Emily purchases poison, and the townspeople are sure she is insane enough that she is going to commit suicide. Instead, Miss Emily uses the

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See Below - Essay Example However, this appearance of unanimity quickly disappears if we ask, â€Å"What are the parameters of a free speech in a host of complex circumstances?† Therefore, practical implications for acceptance of these rights are highly uncertain. Utilitarian explores the pros and cons of an action before choosing the better action (Rachels 102). Commonsense might be misguided; therefore, commonsense cannot be trusted. Utilitarianism has contributed greatly in filling up deficiencies of commonsense. Most argue that utilitarianism may lead to conclusions that are contrary to commonsense morality (Rachels 103). Commonsense advocates may also argue that one should not sacrifice some humans for the happiness of others. If we put this into utilitarian perspective, then we may never realize the peace that we often enjoy. Hence, it is equally â€Å"commonsense† that soldiers should sacrifice their lives in a defensive war. In conclusion, it is a good thing that utilitarianism cannot be reconciled with common sense. Commonsense cannot be trusted and may be misguided. In many of our present circumstances, we are forced to weigh what action is of more benefit to a majority, such as sending soldiers to war torn zones (sacrificing) so that a majority may enjoy

Data Mining Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Data Mining Theory - Essay Example Moreover, data mining methods and techniques are helpful for the companies to take actions against business queries that usually were prolonged to determine. They polish databases for unknown models, discovering analytical information that professionals can overlook for the reason that it resides external to their prospects (Thearling), (Berson, Smith and Thearling) and (Chen and Hu). In addition, classification and clustering analysis are two well-known data mining methods for discovering secret structures in large volume of data. On the other hand, classification and clustering are frequently known as identical, but actually they are dissimilar analytical techniques (Colet). This paper presents a detailed analysis of different data mining classification approaches. These classification techniques include Decision tree induction, Bayesian classification (Naive Bayes), Support Vectors Machines (SVM) and Lazy Learners (k-NN). 1- Introduction The one of the most useful techniques of da ta mining is classification that is a machine learning method employed to forecast cluster association for data samples. For instance, we can desire to utilize classification to forecast whether the weather of a specific week’s day will be â€Å"damp†, â€Å"bright† or â€Å"overcast†. Well-known classification methods comprise decision trees as well as neural networks (Chapple). Additionally, the technique of classification is a dissimilar from clustering technique. Though, the classification is related to clustering because it as well slices customer records into distinct sections known as classes. However, as compared to clustering, a classification analysis necessitates that the end-user/forecaster be acquainted with in advance how data and information classes are described. For instance, classes could be described to signify the probability that a client evades on a loan, and his answer could encompass (No/ Yes). In addition, it is essential that eve ry business record in the dataset utilized to develop the classifier previously encompassed a value for the aspect or attribute applied to describe the classes. For the reason that every business database record has a value intended for the attribute utilized to describe the classes, as well as for the reason that the end-user makes a decision on the attribute to utilize. Moreover, the classification is a great deal less investigative as compared to clustering method. On the other hand, the purpose of a classifier is not to discover the data to find out remarkable sections, however rather to make a decision how novel records should be classified, for example, if is this fresh customer likely to fail to pay on the loan he/she might borrow? (Colet) and (Berson, Smith and Thearling) This paper will outline the comparison of four data mining classification techniques including Decision tree induction, Bayesian classification (Naive Bayes), Support Vectors Machines (SVM) and Lazy Learner s (k-NN). This paper will also suggest the most effective technique for the better data assessment and analysis. 2- Problem Situation and Motivation Data mining and classification techniques are utilized by means of different algorithms, and the particular algorithm utilized in this scenario is able to influence the means records are grouped as well as classified. In

Assignment 08 Marketing - previous order # 1084722 addition Essay

Assignment 08 Marketing - previous order # 1084722 addition - Essay Example All of us are consume products because of the needs we have to satisfy. Whatever they are, whether it is motivated by a need or a want, all of us allocate a certain amount of our money to the purchase of products where the end goal is to satisfy a need or want, which can be satisfied only if the product comes with the functionality that can meet the needs of the consumer. Thus, functionality of a product is an essential element to satisfy the needs of the consumer and its absence the product becomes useless for the buyer. This becomes evident from the behavior of the consumers where they would immediately ask for a replacement or product service for any damaged or defective produce they have just bought. With this said, functionality is the end all and be all. Though a form of products would attract people to buy unnecessary things while shopping, out of pure whim, this mainly applies only to impulsive buyers. Furthermore, a product with mere form that lacks in functionality can end up in a sale but not such items may not be able to forge a sustainable relationship with the consumers or command brand loyalty (Form Vs Function: Design, Emotion and Profitability, n.d.). When customers are not satisfied with a product’s functionality, they would definitely look for another brand that satisfies their needs in terms of its utility, and would not disappoint them due to the lack of proper functionality. However, I agree with the notion that the appearance of a product also has a significant role to play in their marketability. This is the reason why there are still products which lack functionality and yet they survive in the market because of the few consumers who put aesthetic considerations over functional considerations and may buy products merely on the grounds that they appeal to and satisfy their sense of aesthetics (Smashing

Philosophical problems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Philosophical problems - Essay Example Therefore, this could be expected to be equal and living in unity, it is often the case that most of them are in broken relationships. Human beings are in constant confrontations, a factor that derails the very need for the existence. Camus symbolizes this with a lack of optimism, repeated denial, and a conscious displeasure. Living in a state of hopelessness negates the very essence of human existence hence the connotation of absurdity (Camus 79). Human reality also attests to absurdity from the social believed process. As Camus says, the level of human intellect is one of those which adds to the absurdity in the human existence. He says while the mind is driven by â€Å"nostalgia for unity† and the ultimate desire to understand why things happen as they do; there is no way of confirming the same (Camus 107). As such, living in a world where we can only believe in our perceptions and thoughts rather than having believes based on facts suggests human existence is indeed absurd. Equally absurd is the fact that human beings try so much to have an in-dept understanding of the world’s irrationality. Camus asserts that the bid to understand the world by humans only brings forth a confrontation of thoughts and is often futile. Also the fact that humans, although living on earth lack the ability to predict the future and can only for the moment adds to the absurdity of human existence. Another element that makes human existence absurd is the feeling of independence, rebellion, and passion. Human beings live in a world where the notion of freedom seems quite high, for example; human beings believe they can make own decisions at will. The twist in this, however, is that wrong decisions often lead to condemnation. In addition, nature somehow has a way of interfering with this freedom (Taylor 7). While philosophy tries to question the very essence of human existence, it is a fact

Marketing Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Marketing Management - Essay Example According to Kotler (2003), customer perceived value (CPV) is the difference between total customer value and total customer cost. Total customer value includes four factors: product value, services value, image value and personnel value; and total customer cost includes time cost, monetary cost, psychic cost and energy cost (Tseng & Et. Al., 2007). The enhancement of the consumer perceived value can be achieved by increasing total consumer value or by reducing total consumer cost. This can be understood better with the help of an example of Wal-Mart, the UK based retail chain of stores. To enhance the consumer value they offer huge assortments in merchandises. There are various options available for the consumers to chose from the various brands and their private level brands. In reduction to consumer cost, Wal-Mart offers ‘everyday low pricing’ strategy. This offering allows the consumers to save certain amount of money through the low pricing strategy of Wal-Mart. This helped Wal-Mart to cater its consumers’ added value through higher level of satisfaction (IMD, 2009). This model suggests that how received and desired values adjust well into a disaffirmation type satisfaction model. The overall satisfaction can be known as the consumer’s judgment in reaction to assessment of understanding with the products and services. When the consumers make an evaluation, they create certain notions, developed from the past and present experiences about the value that they desired. The desired value directs consumers when they structure perception of the products or services whether it has performed excellently or weakly in the utilisation circumstances. The consumer’s derived value is evaluated upon experiences they use on certain attributes of the experiences, performances and consequences. The received value may guide in the creation that is generally

Trends and profitability Essay Example for Free

Trends and profitability Essay Construction has grown dramatically because of trends. It has been said By the year 2000, there were 10 times as many people on Earth as there were 300 years ago and As of October 2008, the worlds population is estimated to be about 6. 7 billion, the population of the world human population increased by 203,800 every day. Due to this reason contuctions have increased; building more homes, renewing buildings etc for the population. Clothe manufacturing has grown because of fashion, trends and profitability. So many people need clothes around the world, for this reason clothes manufacturers increase and produce more clothes they are a number of manufactures in the world which produce different style of clothing which some are fashion e. g nike and addidas for instance, nike is a globally known brand and is worn by all ages starting from children to adults this brand has become very profitable for their business. clothes manufactures grow because of the human population in the world the more people the more they sell this is why clothe manufacturing is profitable. Secondary sector-Decline Car manufacturing is declining in the UK because of technological developments and foreign imports. High tax rate is also another reason, car businesses in UK are decreasing because of various cars being imported from different countries, such as BMW, VW, Honda, Mercedes etc these cars are preferred by people living in the UK because it their high quality and economy. Other reasons is because of tax rate being too high which makes it hard to maintain a factory in the UK and car materials being too expensive to purchase and produce in this country. Some businesses in the UK buy a share of companies abroad to import cars and make profit in the UK Mini disc is a music player; you can listen to music and record sound. Mini disc manufacturers are absolute declining because of technological developments. 2-3 years ago mini disc was a fashionable item to have; everybody used them to listen to music and was very popular. Now since technology has developed audio manufactures produced new products to listen to music such as cd players, Ipods, mobile phones and MP3 some of these items are popular and known globally, a percentage of the people use these items to listen to music. Tertiary sector-Growth Online shopping is growing because of technological developments and lifestyle. Technology has developed in the last few years, online shopping has become more common and now it is easier and quicker to purchase products online, now you can buy all sorts of products on the internet clothe wears, accessories and foods, by using the internet people can shop easily. People prefer shopping on the internet rather than shopping in the markets because of long ques, spending money on travel and comfortability when shopping at home. Estate agencies are growing because of trends and profitability. The human population has risen in the last 300 years; more homes have been built for this reason. So many people intend to purchase a house, so they can have a house of their own and a number of people buy houses from agents to sell them to private individuals and make profit. The statistics say a numerous of houses are being sold every year. Tertiary sector-Decline Music retail is declining because of technological developments. 3-4 years ago in most markets they were loads of music stores available providing various kinds of music in cds, tapes, cassettes etc, now since technology has developed music stores are less of its numbers because of computers and internets; these two components are used to download and listen to music, you can listen to different type of music off the internet for free. People dont need to buy cds to listen to music anymore they can just download it off the internet from different sources for free. Analogue TV retailers are absolute declining because of technological developments and analogue TVs were very common and was used by everybody in the past. When technology developed TV manufacturers produced new high definition television with more specifications such as built in DVD players, blue ray, Radio etc. Analogues TVs are getting old and becoming unwanted products since everybody is interested in more advanced televisions. Bibliography http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#Rate_of_increase http://www.bbc.co.uk/food/food_matters/fishfarming.shtml http://www.bbc.co.uk/food/food_matters/fishfarming.shtml www.wikipedia.org/wiki/fish_farm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_food

Major Works Data Sheet Essay Example for Free

Major Works Data Sheet Essay MLA Book Citation: |Biographical information about author: | |Tan, Amy. The Bonesetters Daughter. New York: Putnam, 2001.|(Last Name, First. Title. Place of Publication: Publisher, original |publication date. ) |Genre: Point of View: Plot Summary Outline: (Two sentences each) | |Exposition/Background: Initial Conflict: |Rising Action: Crisis/Climax: |Falling Action: Characteristics of the genre: |Historical information about the original period of publication: | | | Characters |Name | | |Role in story | | |Characteristics (3-5 adj. ) | | |â€Å"Quote† that reveals character, (page | | |number). Then an explanation not a | | |translation. Name | | |Role in story | | |Characteristics (3-5 adj. ) | | |â€Å"Quote† that reveals character, (page | | |number). Then an explanation not a | | |translation | | |Name | | |Role in story | | |Characteristics (3-5 adj. ) | | |â€Å"Quote† that reveals character, (page | | |number). Then an explanation not a | | |translation | Name | | |Role in story | | |Characteristics (3-5 adj. ) | | |â€Å"Quote† that reveals character, (page | | |number). Then an explanation not a | | |translation. Memorable Quotes |â€Å"Quotation† (MLA citation). speaker |Significance of this quote Examples of Literary Techniques | |Choose three different techniques and quotes to discuss | |(Imagery, simile, metaphor, hyperbole, personification, onomatopoeia, oxymoron, irony, foreshadowing, etc. ) : | |â€Å"Quotation† (MLA citation). speaker |State then discuss each technique listed Describe the setting (time and place) |Mood | | |The atmosphere or emotional condition created in the reader by the piece. | | | | |State, then discuss TWO symbols |State, then discuss TWO themes | |A symbol must be something tangible or visible, |A theme is a universal idea behind a novel, or the life lesson you learned from| |while the idea it symbolizes must be something abstract or universal. |the work; it does NOT include plot details, though details should  be discussed | | |in your analysis. ) Significance of opening scene |Significance of closing scene | | | | |Additional /Personal Comments and Analysis: | | | | | |MLA List of References (List where you found information for this assignment): | |ie. Phillips, Brian and Sekaran, Shanti. SparkNotes on The Outsiders. 23 July 2006 . | |ie. Sauder, Diane. MonkeyNotes on The Outsider. 1 August 2006.

Qualities of the Effective Leader

Qualities of the Effective Leader Qualities of the Effective Leader In every form of community, there is always one person or a group of people who manages or handles the issues, known as a leader. And, in order to be leaders, those certain people have to earn the hearts of majority who belong to their communities. However, winning the hearts of people is not the only quality of the effective leader. For this, leaders must be an expert to manipulate the people’s mind, and there are four ways to master. First is to focus on the majority of the population. Second is to give an illusion to people in the name of hope that they may receive the helps from the government. Third is not to raise the expectation of people. Last is to shift the concerns of people which may lead to question the qualification of leaders. However, manipulating the minds of people doesn’t ensure that states will function properly. Therefore, the effective leader must learn how to govern people. And there are two ways that can guarantee leaders that their followers wou ld follow their words. One is â€Å"to be feared than to be loved†(Machiavelli, The Prince, Pg46). Other one is to â€Å"appear, upon seeing and hearing him, to be all mercy, all faithfulness, all integrity, all kindness, all religion†(Machiavelli, The Prince, Pg 49). However, if one really possesses these virtues, then one may be chained by one’s own virtue and moral to forget one’s duty that is to maintain the community. According to Durkheim, the mere fact that we are human made us create society, and people subordinate to society rationally. (Durkheim, Individualism). And, based on most people’s rationalism, a leader must have enough ability to earn the credits from the people. For one to be a leader, then it is obvious that one needs to know the way to be credibility and, for this, one needs to how to manipulate people’s minds and be favored by the majority of population since favoring minority of population can’t make a leader stay in the position for a long. If a leader dares to betray their hearts and favors minority of population, it would lead to the downfall of the leader. Luis XVI, for instance, removed from his throne in 1791 by French Revolution because he favored priests and aristocrats, who are minor, and forced the commoners whose population consists of 98% of contemporary France to pay more taxes. Therefore, an effective leader must favor the majority of people; o therwise, there would be conflicts between people and the leader, which would eventually lead to the tragic end of the leader. Throughout history, there have been no cases in which people rebel against leader when they have hope that their leader would do something good for them. Therefore, an effective leader needs to figure out the needs of people and lend a hand to them. So, the leader can earn respect; however, the support should not exceed the certain degree that may lead to increase in deficits of the country. If the leader fails to achieve this, not only people but also a whole nation would be in great confusion. As a result, it may lead to the collapse of the nation. Therefore, helping people can be known as virtuous but not effective. So, the effective leader who must be appeared as kind and generous should create an illusion which can balance the hope of people and the economy of the nation. So that, people may think they would also receive help and expect the mercy or generosity from the leader. Once, Lao Tzu said â€Å"When the master governs, the people are hardly aware that he exists† (Lao Tzu. Tao-teaching, pg 24), but he also mentioned â€Å"there is a time for being in motion.† (Lao Tzu. Tao-teaching, pg 26) In other words, the best leader only takes action when he believes it is necessary. This is because if the leader continues to work for the welfare of people, people who have experienced better world would expect things to be better (Plato, Allegory of the Cave). In the end, the nation itself would be bankrupt, and people would blame on leaders for using taxes unnecessarily. So, the effective leader needs to manipulate the expectation of the people. However, unlike other qualities, this quality gives the direct effect on the reputation of the next leader. For example, Ashoka, the emperor of Mayura Empire, conquered the largest territory in Indian history, and later, promoted Buddhism to stabilize his empire; however, the golden age of Mayura Empire on ly stayed for his time because the successor was not able to meet the expectation of people who trust the successor to be like Ashoka to attack other countries in order to gain the wealth from other nations to decrease taxes and share his fortune. Then, the country started to decline and just sustained for a half century after golden age. Therefore, the effective leader needs to consider the successor; If the expectation of people and ability of leader are not in equilibrium state, this would result to the great confusion in the nation. Another quality that an effective leader must possess is that â€Å"a prince (leader) must be prudent enough to know how to escape the bad reputation of those vices that would lose the state for him, and must protect himself from those that will not lose it for him.†(Prince, Machiavelli) This clause shows that a leader must know how to escape criticism in order for one to stay in the power. Therefore, in order for him to achieve this, the effective leader needs to use media for shifting concerns of people. Current leaders make use of the media quite well that whenever there are some concerns against their reputations, the media begins to focus on crimes or scandal between celebrities to change people’s concerns. So, people would forget whatever mistakes they made. If a leader fails to achieve this, then people would recognize him as untrustworthy and who will try to follow his words? Therefore, there are high possibilities that people would underestimate the leader and dare to challenge the leader. So, the effective leader needs to possess this quality for him to lead the people. In addition, Machiavelli said â€Å"men in general judge more by their eyes than their hands; for everyone can see but few can feel. Everyone sees what you seem to be, few perceive what you are, and those few do not dare to contradict the opinion of the many who have the majesty of the state to defend them.† From this quote, we can lucidly figure out that people would not judge their leader through experience but through what they hear and see. Therefore, the leader must prioritize appearance, and this would make him lay the foundation of his good reputation. If the leader would be able to establish this foundation, then people in the society would trust he has a good nature even though some people could perceive the pretentiousness. Furthermore, Machiavelli said, â€Å"it is better to be feared than to be loved†. According to him, this is because â€Å"love is held together by a chain of obligation which, since men are a sorry lot, is broken on every occasion in which their own self-interest is concerned; but fear is held together by a dread of punishment which will never abandon you.† Although his view may seem cynical, his words are quite true. Men have a tendency to neglect the love and may make excuses them to gain what they want. However, fear is different. Fear chained people to inhibit their thoughts regarding desires to attain their interest. Moreover, fear can also increase the efficiency of productivity. Men are such creatures that require certain conditions such as deadline, pressure and tension to accomplish the task. So, fear may serve as one of these conditions. Therefore, fear ensures leaders that followers would not only do their task but also increase productivity. To conclude, the ability to make others fear is the qualities that the effective leader must possess. Lastly, virtue is not one of the qualities that the effective leader must have. For being virtuous, the leader would need to make virtuous decisions which may bring negative effects to the society which means the whole people belonging to that particular community would suffer from it because the leader tries to pursue ideal when one live in the reality. This is totally against the duty of the leader that is to lead the people. Therefore, virtuous shouldn’t include as one of the qualities since this may blind leaders to make an absurd decision rather an effective one which is more suitable for reality. In other words, the effective leader needs to distinguish the difference between ideal and real. In China, there was a king named as Yanggong from Song country during warning states period. According to history, he valued fairness. So, during the war, when the enemy invaded the country’s territory, he waited for the enemy to be prepared for a fair battle. So, in this batt le, his virtuous decision led to the defeat of his nation. Although people have very different perceptions about the effective leader, most people, in my opinion, believe that the effective leader is the one who leads the followers effectively, and, for that, leaders must understand both reality and the nature of people. Therefore, the qualities, mentioned above, must be considered as the basic qualities that leaders need to deal with people and reality for one to lead the group effectively even though there may be more qualities that the effective leader should possess. First is to manipulate the minds of people. Second is to be loved than to be feared. Third is to maintain a good reputation. Last is to distinguish reality and ideal. However, it may seem a hard task for one to have all these qualities. So, leader must appear to have all these qualities.

Creating an Effective Group Therapy Environment for Adults Essay

Group therapy is an important method that is commonly used by psychiatric professionals in the treatment of many types of mental illnesses. They consist of three or more people and are targeted at promoting psychological development and change. There are three different types of groups. The task group works by using tasks, such as activities and techniques, designed to help clients work toward desired goals. In addition, midrange groups work by allowing clients to share their thoughts and feelings with others who have learned to cope with similar problems over a longer period of time. Lastly, process groups work by allowing clients to work on their communicating patterns, skills and methods (Fortinash & Holoday Worrett, 2008). Task groups consist of activity therapies, which include occupational, psychodrama, music, dance, and art. These activities are used to allow clients to safely express themselves in a positive and constructive manner. They also promote social skills, and are led by occupational and art therapists (Montgomery, 2002). Midrange groups include educational, problem-solving and support groups. They include anger management, AA (Alcoholics Anonymous), NA (Narcotics Anonymous), and cognitive-behavioral groups. These groups allow clients to surround themselves with others, who are dealing with similar issues and are supportive of one another. This prevents the client a sense of loneliness when dealing with their struggles and allows them to openly express themselves. Another type of midrange group called psychoeducational, works by allowing newly diagnosed clients to gain knowledge and effective coping skills. These skills are obtained by working with others who have prior knowledge of similar issues or experi... ...Leadership, Concepts, and Techniques. Web. 20 March 2015 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK64211/ Fortinash, K.M. & Holoday Worrett, P.A. (2008). Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing (4th edition). St. Louis, Missouri: Mosby. Leszcz, M. & Kobos, J.C. (2007). PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR GROUP. Web. 20 March 2015 http://www.agpa.org/guidelines/AGPA%20Practice%20Guidelines%202007-PDF.pdf Montgomery, C. (2002). Role of dynamic group therapy in psychiatry. Web. 20 March 2015 http://apt.rcpsych.org/content/8/1/34.full.pdf+html Toseland, R.W. & Rivas, R.F. (2005). AN INTRODUCTION TO GROUP WORK PRACTICE, (5th edition). Web. 20 March 2015 http://vig.pearsonptr.com:8081/samplechapter/0205376061.pdf Wise, J.E. (2009). Book essays and reviews. Psychodynamic group psychotherapy, fourth edition. Psychiatry: Interpersonal & Biological Processes, 72(3), 299-302.

Legalization of Marijuana :: Argumentative, Marijuana Legalization

The legalization of marijuana has been questionable for many many years now, but the government just seems to always decline. I feel that marijuana should be legalized. There are many reasons for and against legalization, but the arguments for it outweigh the arguments against it. I believe marijuana should be legalized for three main reasons. Legalization will bring in much needed tax dollars, it will free up prisons and their resources, and it will save the U.S tons of money. If marijuana is legalized, it can be taxed by the federal government, like alcohol and cigarettes are now. If this is done, not only will the government save millions of dollars on searching for marijuana, the government will make billions of dollars off the sale of marijuana which can be used for drug education programs to help educate the youth of America. In the United States, all levels of government (federal, state, and local authorities) participate in the "War on Drugs." We currently spend billions of dollars every year to chase peaceful people who happen to like to get high. These people get locked up in prison and the taxpayers have to foot the bill. We have to pay for food, housing, health care, attorney fees, court costs, and other expenses to lock these people up. This is extremely expensive! If you must know, it costs taxpayers like you and me $42,000 a year to keep just one criminal in jail. That's more than twice the amount citizens spend on sending their children to school. Taxpayers only spend a dissapointing $13,000 a year for public schooling. We could save billions of dollars every year as a nation if we stop wasting money locking people up for having marijuana. In addition, if marijuana were legal, the government would be able to collect taxes on it, and would have a lot more money to pay for effective drug education programs and other important causes. According to The Report of the Task Force on Cannabis Regulation to the Center for the Study of Drug Policy, "marijuana is one of the largest tax-exempt industries in the country today." 10-15 billion dollars a year could be made simply by legalizing cannabis. Hemp, the nonpsychoactive version of the plant, has many, many uses but is outlawed by the U.S. government. Hemp is an incredibly strong fiber that can be used for ropes, clothes and

Support Children and Young People at Meal or Snack Times

Describe the setting’s code of conduct and policies for meal and snack times. When it is snack or lunchtime, the children is asked to visit the toilet as well as to wash their hands, before coming to the table for their meals, in an orderly fashion. The setting used meal and snack times to encourage the children to develop independence through making choices, serving food and drink and feeding themselves. To protect children with food allergies, sharing or swapping of food between children are discourage.Staff joins the children during lunch, and tries to make the occasion an enjoyable and sociable time for everyone and at the same time ensure there is not any rowdiness. The children is encourage either by words or action by the staff how good table manners are. For example, not talking when our mouths are full or stretching across the table to get something. When packed lunches are brought into the setting for lunch, parents are informed about our policy on healthy eating and is encouraged to put healthy items in their lunch boxes.The setting reserve the right to return food considered unsuitable, to the parent as a last resort. 9. 3. 2Describe with examples ways of encouraging children and young people: Present food attractively Involved children in growing food Serve realistic portions Encouraging children to eat food provided for them Eat with children Respect reasonable likes and dislikes Negotiate realistic expectations Involved children in the shopping, making menus and preparing of food A colorful collection of fruits on a white plate, for e. g. contrasting strawberries against avocadoes, will present a more attractive display. In the summer where space allows it, children can grow vegetables e. g. potatoes, carrots and radishes.It is also possible to grow salad indoors during the winter months in window boxes. Adults should eat with the children during lunch, making the meal an enjoyable and sociable occasion. This does not mean loud and noisy. Another way we could encourage the children and young people to eat the food provided for them is to involve them in all the stages it take for the food to get from the shop to the table. For e. g. , take the children shopping (maybe not literally) – set up a pretend shop in the setting and let the children have a go at ‘buying’ the things they might need to make, a muffin, perhaps.Once the children have all the ingredients for the muffin, they can then start to cook/prepare it. If the staff in a setting has talked with the children’s parents regarding their dietary needs, they normally have an idea about the children’s likes and dislikes. The children should be encouraged to try new food but not if it becomes an issue. The staff should learn to respect the children wishes to a certain extend. If a child balks at eating his or her food, try to negotiate with them, encouraging them to take another bite or finishing her sandwiches before starting on h er ‘sweets’.Serving smaller portions seen to encourage children to finish what is on their plate. A plate pile high with food tends to put them off even before they start to 19. 3. 1Describe the food policy of the setting Before any children start attending the setting we check with their parents, their dietary needs, in terms of their religious belief, any allergic or intolerance to specific food or if they are vegetarians or vegans. We record all the information given in the children’s registration record and parents check it and sign that the information given is correct.The record is regularly updated. Information concerning any child in the setting that has special dietary needs is displayed and every staff and volunteers is informed about them. The snacks menus are on display, for parents to see. The children are offered food that is considered healthy i. e. without excessive saturated fats, sugar, salt or artificial additives, preservatives or colourings. We also take into account a child dietary needs and preferences as per their parent’s wishes. We offered food that the children are used to, as well as introducing new ones.The setting take care not to provide food containing nuts or nut products, and especially vigilant with any child know to have a nut allergy. Fresh drinking water is made available to the children. They are informed how to obtain the water and they know that they can ask for it any time during the day. We provide whole pasteurised milk for children who like and can drink it. There is a designated area in the setting where snacks and meals are to be eaten. We inform parents about the storing facilities for food available in the setting. 19. 2. 4Describe where to get advice on dietary concerns. British Nutrition Foundation (www. nutrition. org. uk) This agency provides nutrition information for teachers, health professionals, scientists and general public. * Food Standards Agency (www. eatwell. gov. uk) This agency gives advice about nutrition for children * The NHS (www. healthystart. nhs. uk) The NHS has the ‘5-a-day’ programme. * The Schools Food Trust (www. schoolfoodtrust. org. uk) This Trust gives advice on school meals, children’s food and related skills. * BBC (www. bbc. co. uk/health/treatments/healthy-living/nutrition) The BBC advises on diet and nutrition. The Caroline Walker Trust (www. cwt. org. uk) The Trust is dedicated to the improvement of public health through good food. It produces guidelines for carers and parents concerning babies and young children in early years settings. * Healthy Schools (www. healthyschools. gov. uk) Gives information concerning diets in schools. * National Children’s Bureau (www. ncb. org. uk) The Bureau promotes healthy lifestyles among children and young people. 19. 2. 3Describe how to recognize and deal with allergenic reactions to food. The following might happen when an allergic reaction happens.Difficulty in b reathing due to constriction of airways. The skin turns red and blotchy, like a rash. Skin gets itchy. Vomiting Stomach pain Diarrhoea Swelling around mouth, eyes and in the throat How to deal with allergic reactions to food. Make sure everyone in the setting, including parents, knows about the child’s allergy. Emphasis to everyone not to bring this food into the setting. Teach the child about his allergy so that he learns to recognize it and so avoid eating it. Where the reaction to the food is very severe the child should wear a medical alert bracelet and carry an auto-injector with him.And a person in the setting should be taught how to administer the medication/injection. Always read food labels and ingredients list to find out if the produce contains any food that would cause an allergic reaction. Strictly avoid any such food or product. Let everyone knows that the setting is a nut-free zone. Inform parents not to provide food-containing nuts in their children’s p ack lunches, or any food that their children might bring in. Make sure everyone, including parents, the seriousness of this policy. 19. 2. 2Describe the possible consequences of an unhealthy diet.Food that is full of sugar and fats are considered unhealthy. Our bodies digest them more easily than fibre. This tends to make us feel hunger pains much more frequently. Subsequently this causes us to snack in between meals. Our body does not require that many calories so it will in turn be stored as fat. It seems a catch 22 situation. To burn off this excess fat we need to exercise but because we eat too much processed food, more fat are being stored in our bodies which makes us overweight. This makes exercise much more difficult, since we are carrying more weight. Being overweight is unhealthy.It can make us obese and diabetic. With obesity comes a range of problems like high blood pressure, ache in joints, headaches, sleepiness, snoring, piles, gall bladder diseases, low self esteem whi ch maybe due to our appearances and high cholesterol which can lead to heart problems. Diabetes in turn can cause blindness and gangrene. Life expectancy is reduced. 19. 2. 1Describe the benefits of healthy eating for children and young people. The benefits of healthy eating for children and young people are as follows: – The children energy level is high which helps them to be more active and keen to exercise.High energy level also helps the children to be alert especially during school time, helping them in their study. Lack of sufficient fibre in a child’s diet can lead to irregular bowel movement, which can lead to illness. There are fewer chances for children becoming overweight, diabetic or contacting more serious illness. Hair will look shiny and healthy. The child will have healthy bones and teeth. This means fewer visits to the dentist, thereby letting them live a less stressful life. The child will sleep better which will help them look forward to the challen ges in the day. It can also helps in reducing weight steadily.And life expectancy increases. 19. 1. 3Describe how culture, religion and health conditions impact on food choices. Children and young people known to be suffering from diabetes, coeliac disease, food intolerance and food allergy are restricted in their food choices. Diabetic children need to avoid sugary food but required regular meals and snacks. Children with coeliac disease must avoid food with gluten. They must avoid food made from wheat, rye and barley for e. g. Bread, breakfast cereals, pastry and pasta. Some children are allergic or intolerance to certain foods i. e. they become ill if they eat them.For example, lactose (products made from milk), eggs, nuts, certain food colourings and some fruits like strawberries and tomatoes. For religion reasons, Jews and Muslims eat meat slaughtered and prepared in a certain way, known as kosher and halal meat. They both fast at certain time of the year. Muslims do not eat po rk but do eat fish and shellfish. Jews cannot eat any diary product at the same time as meat and eggs must not have blood spots. Sikhs and Hindus do not eat beef but Hindus are usually vegetarians and Sikhs do eat chickens, fish, shellfish and cheese but rarely pork.Hindus and Jews both eat fish. For Hindus the fish has to have scales and fins but for Jews it also has to have a backbone. Hindus and Muslims do not eat diary products that contain rennet. Rastafarians eat lamb, beef and chicken but not shellfish. We have to keep in mind that not everyone follows these rules. Vegetarians and vegan do not eat meat of fish. Vegans do not eat anything that has come from animals for e. g. cheese, milk and eggs. So their diet consists mainly of nuts, fruits, vegetables, grains and cereals. 19. 1. 1Outline the nutritional requirements of a healthy diet for Children and Young peopleFor children to grow up healthy, they require 7 nutrients. They are as follows: – Protein – which b uilds the body, especially the brain, blood and skin tissues. Carbohydrates – which give energy and are mainly found in pulses, oats, and potatoes. Fats – which give energy but will be store as fat if eaten too much. Vitamins – which help maintain a healthy body. Fibre – which helps maintain healthy bowels and are normally taken from plant materials as well as from bread, pulses and oats. Minerals – which helps build bones and teeth. They come from the earth.Though we do not require a lot, it will cause serious health problems if we do not have sufficient amount of minerals in our diet. Water – one of the essential elements in our diet. The human body is 60% water and to prevent dehydration we need to replenish any water lost through perspiring, breathing and urinating. We can find all the 7 nutrients in the following groups of food. 5 Groups of Food to give a Balance Diet Potatoes and Cereals – high-energy food, which provides bulk, vitamins, minerals, fibre and protein (5 portions a day) Fruit and vegetables – provide vitamins, minerals and fibre e. . Vitamin C, Vitamin A and Iron. (5 portions a day) Milk and diary products – rich in Calcium and also provide protein and Vitamin A and B. It is not recommended to give reduced-fat diary products to ‘under 5’s’. (3 portions a day) High Protein food – meat, eggs, tofu, quorn, pulses, nuts and seeds. They provide protein, Iron, Vitamin A and B. (2 portions a day) Oils and fats – high energy food but avoid saturated fats which comes mainly from processed food e. g. chips, pies, sausages. Use unsaturated fats where possible, making sure that this is not the bulk of a child’s diet. In moderation) It is important that children under 5’s get enough energy (calories) for growth and development. 29. 4. 1Explain the importance of personal hygiene at meal and snack times This applies to both the preparation and wh en the children sit down for their snacks and lunch. Before any adults start preparing food for snacks or lunch, they need to wash their hands to avoid any spread of germs to food to be passed on to the children. For the same reason rings and watches should be removed as well. Knives and plates need to be cleaned.The children are sent to wash their hands before they sit down for either their snacks or lunch. This is to prevent infection and to avoid food poisoning. Reminding the children not to put back any food that they had picked up also helps in avoiding cross contamination. During snacks or lunchtime the children should try to remember not to sneeze or cough openly, to avoid the spreading of germs. Any plates or utensils used during meal times should be clean. And if any cutleries are dropped on the floor, they should be replaced with cleaned items, this will help in avoiding infections.

Organic and Inorganic

Organic and Inorganic Evidence Johana Maria CRJ 311 Forensics Henry Johnson July 31, 2011 Organic and Inorganic Evidence In this paper I will decribe the difference organic and inorganic evidence. Compare the strengh and weakness that each have. The significance of either organic or inorganic evidence as it travels through the justice system from the crime scene to prosecution. Some of the example of inorganic evidence is paint and glass. This two are the most important evidence that contains inorganic compounds. Paint tends to be inorganic in nature. The white, red, yellow pigments of paint is inorganic by nature. Organic compounds are based on carbon these are found only on living things. Inorganic is the opposite it doesnt come from living things its from synthetic fibers like polyester or nylon are carbon based but are not found in plants or animals. From a forensics science point of view both inorganic and organic compounds are very important when found in items of evidence. Organic compounds are extracted from living beings while inorganic compounds are created either due to natural processes or   in the laboratory. Inorganic compounds contain metal and other elements while organinc compound contain carbon. Another example is that inorganic compounds can make salt while organinc does not. Organic compounds are biological and inorganic are mineral in nature. Organic compound can form long and complex chain of molecules(hence form polymers) whereas inorganic compound does not have this capacity. Organic compound are source of energy for human life(as food) whereas inorganic compound act as catalyst. Inorganic trace evidence, which includes hairs, fibers, tool marks, allistics, glass, paint and other evidence that might be found on or around a crime scene. The second is organic trace evidence, which refers to trace evidence that comes from a human or animal. Fluid is organic compound. If is left at a crime scene this most likely will include saliva,semen,sweat, and vomit which it can be run through a large amount of test at the medical examiner lab. One of these is polymarking which is DNA. Fluids might also tell the examiner that if the fluids they found might have any type of disease or defect. It will also tell whether it was a male or female. In some cases fluid might give law enforcement an idea of how the crime occurred. Another exmple of inorganic evidence would be feces the composition varies widely depending upon the diet and health of the defecator, but broadly speaking fecal matter consists of water, inorganic salts, food residues, amino acids and digestive enzymes, cellulose and fiber; mucus, blood, bacteria, and parasites are also commonly present. There has been no reports of any scientific study undertaken to determine the health effects of customary shit-eating, but from the standpoint of contagion it is probably not a great deal more (though certainly it is not any less) dangerous than the consumption of semen, menstrual blood, etc. , all of which, as noted above, may be risky. Reference http://www. chem. kuleuven. be/research/coord/coc_eng/generalinfo/coc. htm Saferstein, R. (2011). Criminalistics: An introduction to forensic science (10th Ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc http://www. interpol. int/public/forensic/ifs

Ethical issues in international business Essay

When we pay a large tip to secure a specific table in a restaurant. There is usually some personal happiness-related reason behind our action. Among many of our reasons could be that we want to be nearer to performers on the stage in order for us to secure a better view for our enjoyment. Another reason could be that we want to have a specific view available for us while we dine. If we do not pay a large tip, then there is a bigger risk that we would not get the table that we want. Therefore paying the large tip reduced that risk significantly and makes us likely to get what we want. This case is the same as when a business company pays a bride to certain entities in order to secure a contract. When perceived in Bentham’s perspective, â€Å"happiness† to a business may be equated to progress and profit which in turn may be acquired through appropriate business actions such as securing profitable contracts. The company pays a certain amount in order to get more business which will eventually pay back several fold. This is exactly the utilitarian principle that Bentham explained which may be neatly applied to both cases. In the restaurant, the customer pays a larger tip in order to enjoy the â€Å"happiness† of a specific table. In business, the company pays a bribe in order to enjoy the â€Å"happiness† of obtaining a contract. Although one of the two situations is illegal, that does not mean that the principle between the two situations are different. In as much as companies are not allowed by law to make bribes for contracts, slipping a $50 for a waiter to secure a seat often happens without the knowledge of the waiter’s supervisor. In that sense we may see that both actions to have moral repercussions. It is just that one tends to be more pronounced with respect to its consequences than the other.

Coastal management

THE LOBBY and several bedrooms parted company with the Holbeck Hall Hotel yesterday, leaving half of the four-star establishment behind. Engineers said heavy rain this spring after several dry summers was the probable cause of the landslip, which has sent sections of the hotel toppling into the North Sea. The north-east wing of the 30-bedroom hotel collapsed into Scarborough's South Bay on Saturday night. Guests had been evacuated early on Friday after huge cracks appeared overnight. The rest of the east wing gave way yesterday, leaving the hotel barely half intact, but what remains is likely to be demolished. Geologists say the east Yorkshire coast, with it's steep clay cliffs, has always been vulnerable. South of Scarborough, the 40-mile stretch of cliffs of Holderness is the fastest-eroding coastline in Europe and is experiencing the worst land-slips for 40 years. But Mr Michael Clements, director of technical services for Scarborough council, said sea erosion was not a factor in the Holbeck landslip. The cliffs below the hotel are protected at their base by a sea wall. The main problem, he said, was probably heavy rain which penetrated layers of sand and gravel in the cliffs, lubricating the clay which had cracked in hot weather. â€Å"There is a long history of cliff movements in the area,† Mr Clements said. â€Å"According to local records, the first Scarborough spa was carried away by a landslide in 1770, while the Holbeck cliffs suffered a major slip in 1912. Cliff stabilisation schemes were carried out further north at Whitby in the 1980's and at Robin Hood's Bay in the 1970's. In the fishing village of Staives, the breakwaters were recently raised. Pressure for further protection has run up against the obstacle of expense. â€Å"The cost of protecting these cliffs is phenomenal.† Mr Clements said. â€Å"The work at Whitby cost à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½3.4 million.† Most developed areas around Scarborough have seawalls but this is not the case further south, where Mr Eddie Knapp, principal engineer of Holderness council, said there had been â€Å"unusually large and particularly worrying† land losses over the past six months. â€Å"The average rate of erosion is 6ft a year but this year it has been up to 65ft in places,† Mr Knapp said. At Skirlington, 65ft of land has recently fallen into the sea, carrying away 23 bases at a caravan park, while 70ft of land has gone at Aldbrough caravan park, leaving 15ft of unfenced land before a 60ft drop into the sea. A family living in a chalet at Atwick, near Hornsea, was rehoused when the cliff edge came perilously close. Mrs Sue Earle, chairman of the Holderness Coast Protection Committee, is to outline local concerns in talks at the Agriculture Ministry today. Mrs Earle, whose farm-house is 30ft from the cliff edge at Cowden, said: â€Å"Now that this has happened in a nationally-known resort, I hope it will help to bring the issue out into the open. Daily Telegraph, 7.6.93 South Coast subsiding as the sea level rises By Christine McGourty, Technology Correspondent PART of the south coast of England is sinking at a rate of almost an inch every five years, according to new research. The find comes from an analysis of tidal measurement data from 1962 until about 1985 by Portsmouth University researchers. The higher tide measurements were thought to be a combination of subsidence and rising sea levels. Discovery of the subsidence à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ from Portsmouth to Newhaven à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ follows evidence from around the world that global sea levels have risen by four to six inches over the past 100 years. The subsidence will add to the problems expected from the sea level rise associated with global warming. Sea levels on the south coast are expected to rise by at least eight inches by 2050. Dr Janet Hooke, director of the university's river and coastal environment research group, said: â€Å"Most previous studies showed the subsidence was confined to East Anglia. This is the first analysis to show that parts of the south coast may be subsiding too. The movement may have origins back in the last ice age.† Malcolm Bray, one of the researchers, said at the Institute of British Geographers' annual conference in Nottingham: â€Å"It seems frightening. â€Å"What we're doing now is to work out what it means for the local authorities affected. â€Å"We can't stop flooding à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ that's an act of God à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ but we may be able to minimise the impact through coherent local and regional strategies. â€Å"We need to study the coast over longer distances and look slightly further into the future to stop authorities doing something that could have detrimental effects on their neighbours. â€Å"Our research shows that some parts of the coast are independent but many parts are interconnected.† They found the stretch from Lyme Regis to Newhaven could be divided naturally into nine â€Å"coastal cells†. Dr Hooke said: â€Å"Some preventative measures need to be taken now while the opportunity is there. â€Å"We don't want to see building on very vulnerable zones, which could just create problems for the future with flooding and erosion. â€Å"Plans may be needed to manage conservation of wetlands which are particularly vulnerable.† The researchers welcomed the Government's strategy for coastline management, announced last October, and said that more coherent analysis of longer stretches of coastline were needed all around the country. * Navy beans, from which baked beans are produced, could be grown in England if the global temperature rises as predicted in the next century, according to a study. Researchers at Coventry University and Horticultural Research International have found that navy beans could be grown in Hampshire, East and West Sussex and Kent if the temperature rose by just 0.5C in the next century. The climate is too cold at present for navy bean crops and most are imported from America and Canada. Daily Telegraph 8.1.94 Erosion-hit resorts pin hopes on reef of tyres By Richard Spencer and Lynda Murdin RESIDENTS along the fastest eroding coastline in Europe are hoping a plan to dump millions of tyres in the sea as a protective reef will be given the go-ahead by the Government. Villages and the resorts of Withernsea and Hornsea on the Holderness coast in Humberside are in danger of slowly falling into the sea. If the Ministry of Agriculture grants a licence for the trial tyre-reef scheme, it could lead to one of the most ambitious coastal engineering projects in Europe since the Dutch reclaimed its polders from the other side of the North Sea. The area from Hull to the low, muddy cliffs of the Humberside coast has always suffered erosion. Spurn Head, the spit of land which juts out into the Humber estuary, has been washed away and re-formed six times in recorded history, while many villages already lie underwater. But, in the past five years, the pace of change has rapidly increased. Some homes have been abandoned and farmers are seeking compensation for loss of land and buildings. The Humberside trial would submerge a bank of 1.5 million compressed tyres bound with nylon and concrete into a tangle of ropes six or seven metres high, 110 metres long and 60 metres wide. Placed up to 1,000 metres offshore, it would be tested for its stability, effects on local currents and pollution. If it worked, the full scheme could place more than a billion tyres in seven, two-kilometre long strips all the way up the coast. Humberside County Council accepts that such an ambitious project is unlikely to go ahead quickly – possibly not even this decade. In the meantime, the coast depends on smaller schemes under the supervision of Holderness Borough Council. The most recent, at the village of Mappleton, was opened with fanfares four years ago but, while it has saved the village, it has also caused resentment. Other villages say that it has accelerated the rate of erosion elsewhere by preventing the protective sand that drifts down the coast from reaching the beaches. It raised expectations that other schemes could be put in place, hopes the Government dashed in 1993 with a review of policy imposing new environmental and financial demands. The Department of the Environment is expected shortly to approve a controversial à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½4.5 million, 1,000-metre sea wall around the North Sea gas terminal run by BP and British Gas near Easington. A full plan, which would also have protected the village, was turned down by the department. Mr Robin Taylor, Holderness's director of development, said this appeared to be because under the new guidelines schemes had to prove not just â€Å"cost-beneficial† but to be in the national interest. Saving gas supplies probably was, saving villages not. Mr Ambrose Larkham, who owns the Easington Beach Caravan and Leisure Park, is demanding a public inquiry. â€Å"The ludicrous thing is it is almost as cheap to build 1,600 metres while the equipment's there as it is 1,000,† he said. Mr Taylor said: â€Å"The question of why we are protecting the terminals and not the people of the village is likely to become very controversial. The issue is whether we should be protecting multinational companies and not our own residents.† But Mr Geoffrey Twizell, terminal manager for British Gas and himself a resident, said: â€Å"We are happy to contribute to any scheme that meets everyone's aspirations. Nobody would be talking about any protection at all for Easington if it weren't for the gas terminals here.† Daily Telegraph 1.4.95 Essex drops its guard to let nature take its course By A J McIlroy A TACTICAL retreat could be the answer to coastal erosion on the Essex coast, Government engineers have decided. Contractors from the Ministry of Agriculture and English Nature yesterday lowered the sea wall to flood 21 hectares at Tollesbury Fleet on the Blackwater Estuary. The area is being restored to salt marshes intended to absorb the power of waves that have been pounding artificial sea defences. If the experiment succeeds it will be extended along the Blackwater and to other saltwater estuaries. Roy Hathaway, of the Ministry of Agriculture's flood and coastal defence division, said tracts of coastal marshes were lost when drainage engineers in the 17th and 18th Centuries built sea walls to reclaim land for farming. Now, as a result of the gradual rise in sea level, many of the hundreds of miles of sea wall are crumbling. These are costing millions of pounds to repair, a financial burden that is â€Å"becoming increasingly hard to justify†. He said that to encourage private landowners to accept coastal flooding, the Government had written a â€Å"saltmarsh option† into its set-aside programme, the European Union measure to take farmland out of production. In exchange for allowing their land to become inter-tidal again, farmers would receive à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½190 per hectare per year for grassland and à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½500 for arable land. The payments are guaranteed for 20 years. Mr Hathaway said the ministry was working with conservation groups to maximise the gain to wildlife by restoring the salt marshes. Daily Telegraph 5.8.95 SHORING UP THE COASTLINE By John Hodder THE PRETTY little Suffolk town of Woodbridge was snoozing under a cloudless sky, with a soft breeze taking the sting out of the sun. I gazed out over the placid surface of the River Deben. It was midday in midsummer and this was quiet, gentle England at its most benign – the sort of place, the sort of time that makes it hard to feel threatened by anything, let alone the forces of nature. Twenty-four hours later I was on the beach at Dunwich, 20 miles to the north. The conditions were not very different – the same blue sky and hot sun, cooled now by a rather more blustery wind coming off the sea. But here the threat felt very real – probably because here it is very real. Dunwich is at the mercy of the elements, as it has been down the centuries, and the cliffs just carry on crumbling. If the sea is left to its own devices over the next 70-odd years, the shoreline will retreat by about 200 metres. That, at least, is the experts'projection. Projections, of course, are not the same as firm predictions. But they underline what the problem is – in this case, chronic erosion. The first and obvious question is: â€Å"What can be done to stop it?† The second and much more taxing one is: â€Å"Should anything be done to stop it?† Neither question has an easy answer. If Dunwich is not simply to be abandoned to its fate, a difficult balance will have to be struck between its interest and those of its neighbours. Coastal protection is a tricky science. Nobody knows that better than Roy Stoddard. His title is senior engineer (coast protection) with the Suffolk Coastal District Council and it was to pick his brains that I had gone to Woodbridge. His job is to oversee the 30-mile stretch of coastline from Felixstowe to Southwold, an area whose sand and shingle beach is notoriously unstable when pounded by the waves of the North Sea. It has suffered grievously in a series of violent storms this century. The task of looking after it is now shared between the local authority and the National Rivers Authority (NRA), overseen by the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF). They work closely together and their common enemy is the sea. The approach to coastal protection has shifted significantly over the past 20 years. â€Å"‘Fight against the sea' was the message until the 1970s,† says Stoddard. â€Å"Now we are not trying to fight against it so much as to work with it, using its peculiar ways to destroy its own energy.† That shift in approach is reflected in marked changes in the sort of barriers now being erected to stem the apparently relentless advance of the waves. As a result, the traditional beach scene is changing. For example, the solid sea walls built behind the beach – and the wide promenades that have accompanied them since Victorian times – are now out of favour. Walls merely repel the waves: they do nothing to reduce their speed or power, which is now recognised as the key to the successful preservation of the shor e. Instead, efforts are being concentrated on protecting and building up the beaches themselves. Similarly, a profusion of timber groynes jutting out at right angles into the sea – the time-honoured means of defence and a common sight along this coast – is seen as far less effective than a few large, rock-based structures shaped like fish-tails. The old wooden ones are fine for leaning against while you have your lunch or sheltering behind on a cold, blowy day. But they are not good at sheltering the shore. The main problem with them -apart from their propensity to rot – is that they cannot be made long enough or deep enough to significantly slow down the incoming rush of water. Hence the move towards the new fish-tail variety. A series of these has been built at Clacton, 20 miles to the south of Stoddard's patch. He is now proposing to develop the concept further by building two similar groynes at Cobbolds Point in Felixstowe, using rock and concrete. Despite their size, which might be considered ugly and intrusive, few people dislike them, he says, and the arguments in their favour are compelling. By confronting the sea farther out they do much more to take the steam out of the waves before they reach the shore. And the farther out you go, the more shore you protect by creating two calm areas in the lee of the two wings of the â€Å"tail†. Thus you help to build up a long stretch of sheltered beach. â€Å"Fish-tailed groynes are many times the length of wooden groynes but you only need one about every kilometre rather than one every 20-30 metres,† says Stoddard. â€Å"As well as being more environmentally-friendly because they enable people to walk along the whole beach – something they couldn't do before, at least not without stepping over groynes every few yards. â€Å"They have another advantage over sea walls. If you build them and find they don't work as well as you'd like, you can pick them up and move them. You can't do that with a massive sea wall.† Stoddard sees the introduction of fish-tail groynes as a â€Å"soft-engineering solution† in contrast to the old â€Å"hard† solution of building walls, which is now seen as causing more difficulties than it solves. â€Å"The problem is that whenever you build a hard wall it is almost invariably accompanied by the beach levels falling. The sea is thrown back off the wall and drags the sand and shingle out. Sometimes the wall itself is undermined – you can shore it up but in time the same thing will happen again.† Solid walls are the most concrete (literally) expression of the view that you must at all costs protect the land against the sea. That view is now being challenged. â€Å"You have four options,† says Stoddard. â€Å"Do nothing, hold the line, advance or retreat. Ten years ago the general view was that everything that could be saved should be saved. Now people are far more aware that harsh decisions have to be made.† Such decisions have worrying implications for places like Dunwich. There, to stop the erosion, you would have to start building some form of protective structure along the beach: merely reinforcing the shingle bank is not enough to stop continuing inroads being made into the coast. So why the hesitation over doing something more effective about it? Simply this: the erosion of the cliffs at Dunwich has positive benefits for the beach immediately to the south at Sizewell. Dunwich's loss is thus Sizewell's gain: that is nature's way. It is a conundrum repeated all along the coast. â€Å"If you have got to save the cliffs at Dunwich, you've got to find alternative means of feeding the beach at Sizewell,† says Stoddard. â€Å"In the end, you have to say that there are some places you won't protect – and people have got to come to terms with that.† Such a hard-nosed attitude can stir up fierce emotions, not least because of the way it could affect both the people who live there now and those who would like to join them. Consequently, it has serious implications for local planners. Do you, for example, go on allowing people to build houses near the sea, thus continually extending the number of years that you have to go on protecting that particular bit of coast – probably at someone else's expense? Another issue arousing controversy is the question of compensation for landowners whose land is gobbled up by the sea. At the moment there is no provision for compensation – indeed, it was specifically excluded from the 1949 Coast Protection Act. But as Stoddard says: â€Å"How do you tell a farmer that his 500 acres of productive arable land would be far better as salt marsh? The question of compensation is going to have to be addressed very shortly.† The difficult questions roll in almost as relentlessly as the sea. I pondered them late at night as I walked the beach at Aldeburgh, with the wind strengthening from the north-east and the waves crashing on to the shingle. They were still nagging away later still, as I lay in bed listening to the roar on the shore just below my hotel window. The sound that had been so soothing in the summer sunshine had taken on a darker edge. Suddenly the forces of nature seemed far less benign. Leisurely progress coastal protection has developed piecemeal over the past 150 years, driven not so much by pure science as by the demand to fulfil social expectations. It was essentially that pressure which led to the widespread introduction of sea walls. From the mid-19th century wealthy Victorians sought the development of coastal resorts. To realise their leisurely ambitions, engineers were drafted in to build the walls and the promenades which went with them. Over the years it has become increasingly obvious that such a haphazard approach is unsatisfactory and that activity on one bit of the coast could have damaging effects on another. The need for greater planning and co-ordination, recognised in the 1949 Coast Protection Act, is now universally acknowledged: it will be reflected in the six new shoreline management plans that are being prepared for the whole of the east coast, from the Humber to the Thames. 26.8.95 From Compton's Complete Reference Collection Landforms that result from erosion, or wearing away of the land, make up some of the most scenic coastal areas in the world. Sea cliffs that border many rocky coasts are an example. These cliffs were created when pounding waves weakened the lower portion of the rock to the extent that parts of the cliffs above tumbled into the water, leaving a rock wall with rubble at the bottom. Solid rock shores that lack beaches are easily destroyed by the sea. Beaches consequently protect the shore. Sometimes groins (short piers that extend out into the sea from 30 to 200 meters, depending on the nature of the beach) are constructed to protect the shores from erosion. This has been done along the coasts of the Black Sea. In recent years, some beaches have been artificially restored with sand taken from the sea bottom or from nearby dunes. This has been done on many beaches in the United States and on the island of Norderney in the North Sea.

Borders And Boundaries Women In Indias Partition History Essay

Borders And Boundaries Women In Indias Partition History Essay There has been immense regional conflict in the regions of India and Pakistan which has affected the population over time in a great way. One of the many events includes the Women’s partition in August of 1947. The concurrent independence of a secular India and creation of the Islamic state of Pakistan created an outbreak of violence along the border areas as Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims fled towards either Pakistan or India. In the process, more than eight million people abandoned their homes and nearly one million died.  Women  were widowed, abducted and murdered. The Novel Borders and boundaries: Women in India’s partition written by Menon,R. and Bhasin, K does an excellent job in describing the events that occurred by showing the perspective of two groups of women. In order to better understand the struggle faced by the women in India during the partition it is first best to understand the historical context of the region and the cause of the partition. The partit ion of India is considered to be on of the greatest tragedies in history. The partition resulted in the division of both the Hindus and the Muslims who had resided together for hundreds of years. This led to immense territorial conflict such as boundary disputes, three wars between both India and Pakistan, a nuclear arms race, and cross border terrorism. Ever since the partition of the Indian subcontinent by the British in 1947, India and Pakistan have been bitter rivals and the Kashmir conflict remains unresolved. During five decades, they have fought four wars. Three of those wars were over the disputed region of Kashmir (including the region of Jammu), which is divided by the â€Å"Line of Control†. â€Å"In 1947-1948, almost immediately after Independence, they fought a long and intense battle over the formerly independent state if Jammu and Kashmir; in 1965 they fought another war over the same piece of land; in 1971 the two engaged during the civil war that severed Eas t Pakistan into the budding state of Bangladesh; and in 1999 they fought once more in the mountains of Kashmir (Trehan209). In addition to these actual wars, twice during the past fifty years the two countries have endured crises that brought them close to war† (Ganguly 2). The effect of the partition was deep rooted and raised many questions and issues. One of the most significant issues was the issue of refugees which resulted in the most painful way for both Pakistan and India. The city of Delhi received the most number of refugees and overall 35000 refugees landed up in the northern parts of India including areas such as Panipat and Kuruhkshetra which were used in camps. Workers who were involved in the recovery programmes. Thousands of women, both Hindu and Muslim, were abducted by men of the other community during the communal riots is common knowledge. That the states of India and Pakistan intervened to recovery total of over 30,000 abducted women from each otherâ€℠¢s territories until 1957 by virtue of the Inter-Dominion Agreement of 1947, and later the Abducted Persons Recovery and Restoration Act 1949, is less well-known. Why these states did so, and what this experience meant for the recovered women, has not been subject to historical analysis until recently. This collective amnesia is no coincidence. It has its roots in the Thus the partition of India, is looked upon as one the most devastating events in both India and Pakistan. The partition affected both the physical location and the psychology of the people. The partition affected the population as a whole in an immense way but it particularly affected women of the specific region. The novel Borders and Boundaries: Women in India’s partition sets up a great framework to describe the brutality and struggle endured by women of this time.

Michael Porters Five Forces Analysis Coursework

Michael Porters Five Forces Analysis - Coursework Example The five forces are threat of new entrants, bargaining power of the purchasers, bargaining power of the suppliers, threat of the substitute products or services and the rivalry among the existing competitors (Porter 6 – 10). The following diagram shows the five forces. Foremost, the bargaining power of the suppliers is driven by the number of suppliers for every essential input, the uniqueness of the inputs or services, the size, and strength of the supplier and the cost involved in switching from one supplier to another. This force includes assessment of the probability of the suppliers to increase their prices. Secondly, the bargaining power of the buyer includes assessing of the probability that the buyers will bring down prices of commodities and services. The assessment is controlled by the number of purchasers available in the market, the significance of every individual buyer to the firm and the cost likely to occur if the buyer switches from buying in one firm or the other. When a business has a few of powerful buyers, the firm is in a position to dictate the terms to the buyers. Thirdly, competitive rivalry is driven by the capability of the competitors in the market and their number. When a big number of competitors offer undifferentiated services or products, they reduce the attractiveness of the market. Substitution threat applies in that, when there are close substitute products, the likelihood of increased switching of customers to the alternatives occurs responding to the increase in prices. In such a scenario, the market attractiveness and the suppliers’ power reduce. Threat of new entries implies that a profitable market attracts new entrants in the business and erodes profitability of a firm. Not unless incumbents have durable and strong barriers to entry, the profitability goes down to a competitive rate. The barriers to entry in the market include