Technical Report On Aerospace Engineering - 2349 Words

Like any job out there aerospace engineering has more than one type of formal writing that must be completed. Aerospace engineering deals with writing reports and information request. Report writing is important in aerospace engineering because an engineer must report on the progress made so they can remember their work. Here is what the Manual for technical report writing has to say on the content of a report, â€Å"A technical report generally contains a clear outline of the problem, mathematical equations, drawings, charts, tables and graphs†(2). Reports are important in the aerospace field because when a new advancement in technology is found other engineers need to know the type of advancement to make their work easier. This goes into the next part of writing in aerospace engineering, that being information request. Here is what Marco Aurisicchio has to say about information request, â€Å"During Product Development, engineering designers raise several information reques t that make them search through human and documentary sources. This paper reports to characterize, in detail these request for designers working in a major aerospace engineering company† (Aurisicchio, 1). Information request are important because one engineer will not know absolutely everything about airplanes; so in order for them to get valuable information they will need to request it from another engineer. This information can range from test results all the way to supplie list used for the actual buildingShow MoreRelatedEngineering : Fields Of Engineering Essay1578 Words   |  7 PagesIntro to Engineering Practices 22 September 2016 Fields of Engineering Engineering has been around for millenniums. The term engineering has been around since 1325. Since then, engineering has expanded from working on engines for the military to designing and working on just about everything today. (Wikipedia p. 1) Out of all of the different divisions of engineering there are three that specifically interest me. These divisions are aerospace, electrical, and mechanical. â€Å"Aerospace engineering, alsoRead MoreB / E Aerospace Inc. Essay1510 Words   |  7 PagesB/E Aerospace, Inc. (BEAV) is listed as a cabin interior provider and manufacturer for commercial aircraft and business jets. The company develops and provides a wide variety of interior design and equipment including aircraft cabin, seating and lighting, oxygen and waste systems, and other advanced products as well as fasten distribution and logistical services for commercial, business, and military jets. History of the Organization and Current Status History and current status. The history beganRead MoreInterview On The Workplace My Mind Went Completely Blank876 Words   |  4 Pagesbisexual. 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Product focus areas include: †¢ MILITARY CUSTOM LOW VOLTAGE - Power supplies designed to specification for tactical applications /harsh environments. †¢ MILITARY STANDARD PRODUCT - VME and VPX integrated solutions. †¢ COMMERCIAL AEROSPACE - High voltage power supplies for cockpit CRT displays applicationsRead MoreProduction Planning And Inventory Control1520 Words   |  7 Pagesrelationships enables Boeing to properly harness its resources through lean management to become a leader in the aerospace manufacturing, distribution and maintenance. It is this efficient program logic control that facilitates Boeing acquisition of Lockheed Martins. Boeing uses this segmental supply chain to manages the available resources efficiently and main a lead in the aerospace market with a stock price that is consistently growing daily. The Boeing supply chain processes is demonstratedRead MoreA Brief Note On Federal Income Tax Regulations Essay1902 Words   |  8 Pagesamounted in $1,202.4 million. According to the report, B/E Aerospace believes there are several risks related to its spin-off of KLX including significant liability of KLX’s common stock to the stockholders, restrictive U.S. federal income tax rules to the distribution of KLX’s common stock, responsibility for obligations under Separation and Distribution Agreement, and potential conflicts and interests between directors of KLX (â€Å"2015 Annual Report,† 2015). The down-scoping could possibly reduceRead MoreI M Mechanical Engineer Working as a Design Engineer for New Product Development.667 Words   |  3 Pagesflexible and detail oriented attitude. âž ¢ An efficient key player in challenging creative environments with excellent capacity to adapt to new technologies and skills. PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONS âž ¢ B.E. (Mechanical Engineering) from Al-Falah School of Engineering Technology, Dhauj, Faridabad, Affiliated to Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak in 2010 with 60%. 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Art and Aesthetics Essay - 1107 Words

Art and Aesthetics Art is usually referred to as the visual arts, where a piece of work is judged through the aesthetics in which it creates. However, art refers to all human endeavors, including the product of oneÂ’s creative impulse. In other words, art does not have to be innovative to be good. I believe art is the communication of an idea, be it visual, musical, communicative or other. Art is the interplay between the conscious and unconscious part of our being, between what is real and what is an illusion; it is the voice of our soul through color and form in a constant search for connection with something beyond. I think of art as the bridge between our souls and the physical world. I see art as both an interaction between our†¦show more content†¦Everybody, one time or the other, will fell as though they have been let down and disappointed by others, including the ones they love. Those feelings would include loneliness, and the yearn for support and guidance. At many times, we get the support we need, but once in a while; we would be left alone in the world, having to fend off our miseries by ourselves. That is exactly what I had in mind when I was creating my piece of art. I wanted the girl to depict a helpless teenager, who is yearning for support because the world has shunned her away completely. This in fact, removes all the color and vibrancy in her life, leaving her world looking black and white. The reason why the girl in my drawing is looking down is due to disbelief. She is utterly shocked by how the people that she thought that she could count on have left her to fend for herself. She saw the dark side of things; the side she thought and wished never existed. I feel that conveying this message is important is because, it would be unhealthy to bottle up your feelings and emotions inside of you; and since it is difficult to express it in words, it cou ld be best displayed in the form of art. I tried to make my artwork convey all of these messages, making sure that the morbidity of the piece is highlighted. To achieve this gruesome effect, I solely used the color black, which emphasized the dark mood and ambiance that comes with this drawing. The color black is usually associated with darkness andShow MoreRelatedArt and Aesthetics Essay example763 Words   |  4 PagesAs time and centuries pass simultaneously art evolves too. During the Greek – Roman period in history art was a powerful medium and was used as a research instrument for studying the human body. The Greeks loved perfection, religion, and their government. These values were transferred to the Romans who adapted the Greek culture together with their swag. Later on by doing so, the mixture of both cultures came to be known as the â€Å"classical civilization† (The Greek Spirit pg. 99). 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Bag of Bones CHAPTER SEVEN Free Essays

string(72) " hard enough to blow around wisps of the girl’s fine blonde hair\." The little girl actually she wasn’t much more than a baby-came walking up the middle of Route 68, dressed in a red bathing suit, yellow plastic flip-flops, and a Boston Red Sox baseball cap turned around backward. I had just driven past the Lakeview General Store and Dickie Brooks’s All-Purpose Garage, and the speed limit there drops from fifty-five to thirty-five. Thank God I was obeying it that day, otherwise I might have killed her. We will write a custom essay sample on Bag of Bones CHAPTER SEVEN or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was my first day back. I’d gotten up late and spent most of the morning walking in the woods which run along the lakeshore, seeing what was the same and what had changed. The water looked a little lower and there were fewer boats than I would have expected, especially on summer’s biggest holiday, but otherwise I might never have been away. I even seemed to be slapping at the same bugs. Around eleven my stomach alerted me to the fact that I’d skipped breakfast. I decided a trip to the Village Cafe was in order. The restaurant at Warrington’s was trendier by far, but I’d be stared at there. The Village Cafe would be better if it was still doing business. Buddy Jellison was an ill-tempered fuck, but he had always been the best fry-cook in western Maine and what my stomach wanted was a big greasy Villageburger. Now this little girl, walking straight up the white line and looking like a majorette leading an invisible parade. At thirty-five miles per hour I saw her in plenty of time, but this road was busy in the summer, and very few people bothered creeping through the reduced-speed zone. There were only a dozen Castle County police cruisers, after all, and not many of them bothered with the TR unless they were specifically called there. I pulled over to the shoulder, put the Chevy in PARK, and was out before the dust had even begun to settle. The day was muggy and close and still, the clouds seeming low enough to touch. The kid a little blondie with a snub nose and scabbed knees stood on the white line as if it were a tightrope and watched me approach with no more fear than a fawn. ‘Hi,’ she said. ‘I go beach. Mummy ‘on’t take me and I’m mad as hell.’ She stamped her foot to show she knew as well as anybody what mad as hell was all about. Three or four was my guess. Well-spoken in her fashion and cute as hell, but still no more than three or four. ‘Well, the beach is a good place to go on the Fourth, all right,’ I said, ‘but ‘ ‘Fourth of July and fireworks too,’ she agreed, making ‘too’ sound exotic and sweet, like a word in Vietnamese. ‘ but if you try to walk there on the highway, you’re more apt to wind up in Castle Rock Hospital.’ I decided I wasn’t going to stand there playing Mister Rogers with her in the middle of Route 68, not with a curve only fifty yards to the south and a car apt to come wheeling around it at sixty miles an hour at any time. I could hear a motor, actually, and it was revving hard. I picked the kid up and carried her over to where my car was idling, and although she seemed perfectly content to be carried and not frightened a bit, I felt like Chester the Molester the second I had my arm locked under her bottom. I was very aware that anyone sitting around in the combined office and waiting room of Brooksie’s Garage could look out and see me. This is one of the strange midlife realities of my generation: we can’t touch a child who isn’t our own without fearing others will see something lecherous in our touching . . . or without thinking, way down deep in the sewers of our psyches, that there probably is something lecherous in it. I got her out of the road, though. I did that much. Let the Marching Mothers of Western Maine come after me and do their worst. ‘You take me beach?’ the little girl asked. She was bright-eyed, smiling. I figured that she’d probably be pregnant by the time she was twelve, especially given the cool way she was wearing her baseball cap. ‘Got your suitie?’ ‘Actually I think I left my suitie at home. Don’t you hate that? Honey, where’s your mom?’ As if in direct answer to my question, the car I’d heard came busting out of a road on the near side of the curve. It was a Jeep Scout with mud splashed high up on both sides. The motor was growling like something up a tree and pissed off about it. A woman’s head was poked out the side window. Little curie’s mom must have been too scared to sit down; she was driving in a mad crouch, and if a car had been coming around that particular curve in Route 68 when she pulled out, my friend in the red bathing suit would likely have become an orphan on the spot. The Scout fishtailed, the head dropped back down inside the cab, and there was a grinding as the driver upshifted, trying to take her old heap from zero to sixty in maybe nine seconds. If pure terror could have done the job, I’m sure she would have succeeded. ‘That’s Mattie,’ the girl in the bathing suit said. ‘I’m mad at her. I’m running away to have a Fourth at the beach. If she’s mad I go to my white nana.’ I had no idea what she was talking about, but it did cross my mind that Miss Bosox of 1998 could have her Fourth at the beach; I would settle for a fifth of something whole-grain at home. Meanwhile, I was waving the arm not under the kid’s butt back and forth over my head, and hard enough to blow around wisps of the girl’s fine blonde hair. You read "Bag of Bones CHAPTER SEVEN" in category "Essay examples" ‘Hey!’ I shouted. ‘Hey, lady! I got her!’ The Scout sped by, still accelerating and still sounding pissed off about it. The exhaust was blowing clouds of blue smoke. There was a further hideous grinding from the Scout’s old transmission. It was like some crazy version of Let’s Make a Deal.’ ‘Mattie, you’ve succeeded in getting into second gear would you like to quit and take the Maytag washer, or do you want to try for third?’ I did the only thing I could think of, which was to step out onto the road, turn toward the Jeep, which was now speeding away from me (the smell of the oil was thick and acrid), and hold the kid up high over my head, hoping Mattie would see us in her rearview mirror. I no longer felt like Chester the Molester; now I felt like a cruel auctioneer in a Disney cartoon, offering the cutest li’l piglet in the litter to the highest bidder. It worked, though. The Scout’s mudcaked taillights came on and there was a demonic howling as the badly used brakes locked. Right in front of Brooksie’s, this was. If there were any old-timers in for a good Fourth of July gossip, they would now have plenty to gossip about. I thought they would especially enjoy the part where Mom screamed at me to unhand her baby. When you return to your summer home after a long absence, it’s always nice to get off on the right foot. The backup lights flared and the Jeep began reversing down the road at a good twenty miles an hour. Now the transmission sounded not pissed off but panicky please, it was saying, please stop, you’re killing me. The Scout’s rear end wagged from side to side like the tail of a happy dog. I watched it coming at me, hypnotized now in the northbound lane, now across the white line and into the southbound lane, now overcorrecting so that the left-hand tires spumed dust off the shoulder. ‘Mattie go fast,’ my new girlfriend said in a conversational, isn’t-this-interesting voice. She had one arm slung around my neck; we were chums, by God. But what the kid said woke me up. Mattie go fast, all right, too fast. Mattie would, more likely than not, clean out the rear end of my Chevrolet. And if I just stood here, Baby Snooks and I were apt to end up as toothpaste between the two vehicles. I backed the length of my car, keeping my eyes fixed on the Jeep and yelling, ‘Slow down, Mattie! Slow down!’ Cutie-pie liked that. ‘S’yo down!’ she yelled, starting to laugh. ‘S’yo down, you old Mattie, s’yo down!’ The brakes screamed in fresh agony. The Jeep took one last walloping, unhappy jerk backward as Mattie stopped without benefit of the clutch. That final lunge took the Scout’s rear bumper so close to the rear bumper of my Chevy that you could have bridged the gap with a cigarette. The smell of oil in the air was huge and furry. The kid was waving a hand in front of her face and coughing theatrically. The driver’s door flew open; Mattie Devore flew out like a circus acrobat shot from a cannon, if you can imagine a circus acrobat dressed in old paisley shorts and a cotton smock top. My first thought was that the little girl’s big sister had been babysitting her, that Mattie and Mummy were two different people. I knew that little kids often spend a period of their development calling their parents by their first names, but this pale-cheeked blonde girl looked all of twelve, fourteen at the outside. I decided her mad handling of the Scout hadn’t been terror for her child (or not just terror) but total automotive inexperience. There was something else, too, okay? Another assumption that I made. The muddy four-wheel-drive, the baggy paisley shorts, the smock that all but screamed Kmart, the long yellow hair held back with those little red elastics, and most of all the inattention that allows the three-year-old in your care to go wandering off in the first place . . . all those things said trailer-trash to me. I know how that sounds, but I had some basis for it. Also, I’m Irish, goddammit. My ancestors were trailer-trash when the trailers were still horse-drawn caravans. ‘Stinky-phew!’ the little girl said, still waving a pudgy hand at the air in front of her face. ‘Scoutie stink!’ Where Scoutie’s bathing suitie? I thought, and then my new girlfriend was snatched out of my arms. Now that she was closer, my idea that Mattie was the bathing beauty’s sister took a hit. Mattie wouldn’t be middle-aged until well into the next century, but she wasn’t twelve or fourteen, either. I now guessed twenty, maybe a year younger. When she snatched the baby away, I saw the wedding ring on her left hand. I also saw the dark circles under her eyes, gray skin dusting to purple. She was young, but I thought it was a mother’s terror and exhaustion I was looking at. I expected her to swat the tot, because that’s how trailer-trash moms react to being tired and scared. When she did, I would stop her, one way or another distract her into turning her anger on me, if that was what it took. There was nothing very noble in this, I should add; all I really wanted to do was to postpone the fanny-whacking, shoulder-shaking, and in-your-face shouting to a time and place where I wouldn’t have to watch it. It was my first day back in town; I didn’t want to spend any of it watching an inattentive slut abuse her child. Instead of shaking her and shouting ‘Where did you think you were going, you little bitch?’ Mattie first hugged the child (who hugged back enthusiastically, showing absolutely no sign of fear) and then covered her face with kisses. ‘Why did you do that?’ she cried. ‘What was in your head? When I couldn’t find you, I died.’ Mattie burst into tears. The child in the bathing suit looked at her with an expression of surprise so big and complete it would have been comical under other circumstances. Then her own face crumpled up. I stood back, watched them crying and hugging, and felt ashamed of my preconceptions. A car went by and slowed down. An elderly couple Ma and Pa Kettle on their way to the store for that holiday box of Grape-Nuts gawked out. I gave them an impatient wave with both hands, the kind that says what are you staring at, go on, put an egg in your shoe and beat it. They sped up, but I didn’t see an out-of-state license plate, as I’d hoped I might. This version of Ma and Pa were locals, and the story would be fleeting its rounds soon enough: Mattie the teenage bride and her little bundle of joy (said bundle undoubtedly conceived in the back seat of a car or the bed of a pickup truck some months before the legitimizing ceremony), bawling their eyes out at the side of the road. With a stranger. No, not exactly a stranger. Mike Noonan, the writer fella from upstate. ‘I wanted to go to the beach and suh-suh-swim!’ the little girl wept, and now it was ‘swim’ that sounded exotic the Vietnamese word for ‘ecstasy,’ perhaps. ‘I said I’d take you this afternoon.’ Mattie was still sniffing, but getting herself under control. ‘Don’t do that again, little guy, please don’t you ever do that again, Mommy was so scared.’ ‘I won’t,’ the kid said ‘I really won’t.’ Still crying, she hugged the older girl tight, laying her head against the side of Mattie’s neck. Her baseball cap fell off. I picked it up, beginning to feel very much like an outsider here. I poked the blue-and-red cap at Mattie’s hand until her fingers closed on it. I decided I also felt pretty good about the way things had turned out, and maybe I had a right to. I’ve presented the incident as if it was amusing, and it was, but it was the sort of amusing you never see until later. When it was happening, it was terrifying. Suppose there had been a truck coming from the other direction? Coming around that curve, and coming too fast? A vehicle did come around it, a pickup of the type no tourist ever drives. Two more locals gawked their way by. ‘Ma’am?’ I said. ‘Mattie? I think I’d better get going. Glad your little girl is all right.’ The minute it was out, I felt an almost irresistible urge to laugh. I could picture me drawling this speech to Mattie (a name that belonged in a movie like Unforgiven or True Grit if any name ever did) with my thumbs hooked into the belt of my chaps and my Stetson pushed back to reveal my noble brow. I felt an insane urge to add, ‘You’re right purty, ma’am, ain’t you the new schoolteacher?’ She turned to me and I saw that she was right purty. Even with circles under her eyes and her blonde hair sticking off in gobs to either side of her head. And I thought she was doing okay for a girl probably not yet old enough to buy a drink in a bar. At least she hadn’t belted the baby. ‘Thank you so much,’ she said. ‘Was she right in the road?’ Say she wasn’t, her eyes begged. At least say she was walking along the shoulder. ‘Well ‘ ‘I walked on the line,’ the girl said, pointing. ‘It’s like the cross-mock.’ Her voice took on a faintly righteous tone. ‘Crossmock is safe.’ Mattie’s cheeks, already white, turned whiter. I didn’t like seeing her that way, and didn’t like to think of her driving home that way, especially with a kid. ‘Where do you live, Mrs. ?’ ‘Devore,’ she said. ‘I’m Mattie Devore.’ She shifted the child and put out her hand. I shook it. The morning was warm, and it was going to be hot by mid-afternoon beach weather for sure but the fingers I touched were icy. ‘We live just there.’ She pointed to the intersection the Scout had shot out of, and I could see surprise, surprise a doublewide trailer set off in a grove of pines about two hundred feet up the little feeder road. Wasp Hill Road, I recalled. It ran about half a mile from Route 68 to the water what was known as the Middle Bay. Ah yes, doc, it’s all coming back to me now. I’m once more riding the Dark Score range. Saving little kids is my specialty. Still, I was relieved to see that she lived close by less than a quarter of a mile from the place where our respective vehicles were parked with their tails almost touching and when I thought about it, it stood to reason. A child as young as the bathing beauty couldn’t have walked far . . . although this one had already demonstrated a fair degree of determination. I thought Mother’s haggard look was even more suggestive of the daughter’s will. I was glad I was too old to be one of her future boyfriends; she would have them jumping through hoops all through high school and college. Hoops of fire, likely. Well, the high-school part, anyway. Girls from the doublewide side of town did not, as a general rule, go to college unless there was a juco or a voke-tech handy. And she would only have them jumping until the right boy (or more likely the wrong one) came sweeping around the Great Curve of Life and ran her down in the highway, her all the while unaware that the white line and the crossmock were two different things. Then the whole cycle would repeat itself. Christ almighty, Noonan, quit it, I told myself. She’s three years old and you’ve already got her with three kids of her own, two with ringworm and one retarded. ‘Thank you so much,’ Mattie repeated. ‘That’s okay,’ I said, and snubbed the little girl’s nose. Although her cheeks were still wet with tears, she grinned at me sunnily enough in response. ‘This is a very verbal little girl.’ ‘Very verbal, and very willful.’ Now Mattie did give her child a little shake, but the kid showed no fear, no sign that shaking or hitting was the order of most days. On the contrary, her smile widened. Her mother smiled back. And yes once you got past the slopped-together look of her, she was most extraordinarily pretty. Put her in a tennis dress at the Castle Rock Country Club (where she’d likely never go in her life, except maybe as a maid or a waitress), and she would maybe be more than pretty. A young Grace Kelly, perhaps. Then she looked back at me, her eyes very wide and grave. ‘Mr. Noonan, I’m not a bad mother,’ she said. I felt a start at my name coming from her mouth, but it was only momentary. She was the right age, after all, and my books were probably better for her than spending her afternoons in front of General Hospital and One Life to Live. A little, anyway. ‘We had an argument about when we were going to the beach. I wanted to hang out the clothes, have lunch, and go this afternoon. Kyra wanted ‘ She broke off. ‘What? What did I say?’ ‘Her name is Kia? Did ‘ Before I could say anything else, the most extraordinary thing happened: my mouth was full of water. So full I felt a moment’s panic, like someone who is swimming in the ocean and swallows a wave-wash. Only this wasn’t a salt taste; it was cold and fresh, with a faint metal tang like blood. I turned my head aside and spat. I expected a gush of liquid to pour out of my mouth the sort of gush you sometimes get when commencing artificial respiration on a near-drowning victim. What came out instead was what usually comes out when you spit on a hot day: a little white pellet. And that sensation was gone even before the little white pellet struck the dirt of the shoulder. In an instant, as if it had never been there. ‘That man spirted,’ the girl said matter-of-factly. ‘Sorry,’ I said. I was also bewildered. What in God’s name had that been about? ‘I guess I had a little delayed reaction.’ Mattie looked concerned, as though I were eighty instead of forty. I thought that maybe to a girl her age, forty is eighty. ‘Do you want to come up to the house? I’ll give you a glass of water.’ ‘No, I’m fine now.’ ‘All right. Mr. Noonan . . . all I mean is that nothing like this has ever happened to me before. I was hanging sheets . . . she was inside watching a Mighty Mouse cartoon on the VCR . . . then, when I went in to get more pins . . . ‘ She looked at the girl, who was no longer smiling. It was starting to get through to her now. Her eyes were big, and ready to fill with tears. ‘She was gone. I thought for a minute I’d die of fear.’ Now the kid’s mouth began to tremble, and her eyes filled up right on schedule. She began to weep. Mattie stroked her hair, soothing the small head until it lay against the Kmart smock top. ‘That’s all right, Ki,’ she said. ‘It turned out okay this time, but you can’t go out in the road. It’s dangerous. Little things get run over in the road, and you’re a little thing. The most precious little thing in the world.’ She cried harder. It was the exhausted sound of a child who needed a nap before any more adventures, to the beach or anywhere else. ‘Kia bad, Kia bad,’ she sobbed against her mother’s neck. ‘No, honey, only three,’ Mattie said, and if I had harbored any further thoughts about her being a bad mother, they melted away then. Or perhaps they’d already gone after all, the kid was round, comely, well-kept, and unbruised. On one level, those things registered. On another I was trying to cope with the strange thing that had just happened, and the equally strange thing I thought I was hearing that the little girl I had carried off the white line had the name we had planned to give our child, if our child turned out to be a girl. ‘Kia,’ I said. Marvelled, really. As if my touch might break her, I tentatively stroked the back of her head. Her hair was sun-warm and fine. ‘No,’ Mattie said. ‘That’s the best she can say it now. Kyra, not Kia. It’s from the Greek. It means ladylike.’ She shifted, a little self-conscious. ‘I picked it out of a baby-name book. While I was pregnant, I kind of went Oprah. Better than going postal, I guess.’ ‘It’s a lovely name,’ I said. ‘And I don’t think you’re a bad mom.’ What went through my mind right then was a story Frank Arlen had told over a meal at Christmas it had been about Petie, the youngest brother, and Frank had had the whole table in stitches. Even Petie, who claimed not to remember a bit of the incident, laughed until tears streamed down his cheeks. One Easter, Frank said, when Petie was about five, their folks had gotten them up for an Easter-egg hunt. The two parents had hidden over a hundred colored hard-boiled eggs around the house the evening before, after getting the kids over to their grandparents’. A high old Easter morning was had by all, at least until Johanna looked up from the patio, where she was counting her share of the spoils, and shrieked. There was Petie, crawling gaily around on the second-floor overhang at the back of the house, not six feet from the drop to the concrete patio. Mr. Arlen had rescued Petie while the rest of the family stood below, holding hands, frozen with horror and fascination. Mrs. Arlen had repeated the Hail Mary over and over (‘so fast she sounded like one of the Chipmunks on that old ‘Witch Doctor’ record,’ Frank had said, laughing harder than ever) until her husband had disappeared back into the open bedroom window with Petie in his arms. Then she had swooned to the pavement, breaking her nose. When asked for an explanation, Petie had told them he’d wanted to check the rain-gutter for eggs. I suppose every family has at least one story like that; the survival of the world’s Peties and Kyras is a convincing argument in the minds of parents, anyway for the existence of God. ‘I was so scared,’ Mattie said, now looking fourteen again. Fifteen at most. ‘But it’s over,’ I said. ‘And Kyra’s not going to go walking in the road anymore. Are you, Kyra?’ She shook her head against her mother’s shoulder without raising it. I had an idea she’d probably be asleep before Mattie got her back to the good old doublewide. ‘You don’t know how bizarre this is for me,’ Mattie said. ‘One of my favorite writers comes out of nowhere and saves my kid. I knew you had a place on the TR, that big old log house everyone calls Sara Laughs, but folks say you don’t come here anymore since your wife died.’ ‘For a long time I didn’t,’ I said. ‘If Sara was a marriage instead of a house, you’d call this a trial reconciliation.’ She smiled fleetingly, then looked grave again. ‘I want to ask you for something. A favor.’ ‘Ask away.’ ‘Don’t talk about this. It’s not a good time for Ki and me.’ ‘Why not?’ She bit her lip and seemed to consider answering the question -one I might not have asked, given an extra moment to consider and then shook her head. ‘It’s just not. And I’d be so grateful if you didn’t talk about what just happened in town. More grateful than you’ll ever know.’ ‘No problem.’ ‘You mean it?’ ‘Sure. I’m basically a summer person who hasn’t been around for awhile . . . which means I don’t have many folks to talk to, anyway.’ There was Bill Dean, of course, but I could keep quiet around him. Not that he wouldn’t know. If this little lady thought the locals weren’t going to find out about her daughter’s attempt to get to the beach by shank’s mare, she was fooling herself. ‘I think we’ve been noticed already, though. Take a look up at Brooksie’s Garage. Peek, don’t stare.’ She did, and sighed. Two old men were standing on the tarmac where there had been gas pumps once upon a time. One was very likely Brooksie himself; I thought I could see the remnants of the flyaway red hair which had always made him look like a downeast version of Bozo the Clown. The other, old enough to make Brooksie look like a wee slip of a lad, was leaning on a gold-headed cane in a way that was queerly vulpine. ‘I can’t do anything about them,’ she said, sounding depressed. ‘Nobody can do anything about them. I guess I should count myself lucky it’s a holiday and there’s only two of them.’ ‘Besides,’ I added, ‘they probably didn’t see much.’ Which ignored two things: first, that half a dozen cars and pick-em-ups had gone by while we had been standing here, and second, that whatever Brooksie and his elderly friend hadn’t seen, they would be more than happy to make up. On Mattie’s shoulder, Kyra gave a ladylike snore. Mattie glanced at her and gave her a smile full of rue and love. ‘I’m sorry we had to meet under circumstances that make me look like such a dope, because I really am a big fan. They say at the bookstore in Castle Rock that you’ve got a new one coming out this summer.’ I nodded. ‘It’s called Helen’s Promise.’ She grinned. ‘Good title.’ ‘Thanks. You better get your buddy back home before she breaks your arm.’ ‘Yeah.’ There are people in this world who have a knack for asking embarrassing, awkward questions without meaning to it’s like a talent for walking into doors. I am one of that tribe, and as I walked with her toward the passenger side of the Scout, I found a good one. And yet it was hard to blame myself too enthusiastically. I had seen the wedding ring on her hand, after all. ‘Will you tell your husband?’ Her smile stayed on, but it paled somehow. And tightened. If it were possible to delete a spoken question the way you can delete a line of type when you’re writing a story, I would have done it. ‘He died last August.’ ‘Mattie, I’m sorry. Open mouth, insert foot.’ ‘You couldn’t know. A girl my age isn’t even supposed to be married, is she? And if she is, her husband’s supposed to be in the army, or something.’ There was a pink baby-seat also Kmart, I guessed on the passenger side of the Scout. Mattie tried to boost Kyra in, but I could see she was struggling. I stepped forward to help her, and for just a moment, as I reached past her to grab a plump leg, the back of my hand brushed her breast. She couldn’t step back unless she wanted to risk Kyra’s slithering out of the seat and onto the floor, but I could feel her recording the touch. My husband’s dead, not a threat, so the big-deal writer thinks it’s okay to cop a little feel on a hot summer morning. And what can I say? Mr. Big Deal came along and hauled my kid out of the road, maybe saved her life. No, Mattie, I may be forty going on a hundred, but I was not copping a feel. Except I couldn’t say that; it would only make things worse. I felt my cheeks flush a little. ‘How old are you?’ I asked, when we had the baby squared away and were back at a safe distance. She gave me a look. Tired or not, she had it together again. ‘Old enough to know the situation I’m in.’ She held out her hand. ‘Thanks again, Mr. Noonan. God sent you along at the right time.’ ‘Nah, God just told me I needed a hamburger at the Village Cafe,’ I said. ‘Or maybe it was His opposite number. Please say Buddy’s still doing business at the same old stand.’ She smiled. It warmed her face back up again, and I was happy to see it. ‘He’ll still be there when Ki’s kids are old enough to try buying beer with fake IDS. Unless someone wanders in off the road and asks for something like shrimp tetrazzini. If that happened he’d probably drop dead of a heart attack.’ ‘Yeah. Well, when I get copies of the new book, I’ll drop one off.’ The smile continued to hang in there, but now it shaded toward caution. ‘You don’t need to do that, Mr. Noonan.’ ‘No, but I will. My agent gets me fifty comps. I find that as I get older, they go further.’ Perhaps she heard more in my voice than I had meant to put there people do sometimes, I guess. ‘All right. I’ll look forward to it.’ I took another look at the baby, sleeping in that queerly casual way they have her head tilted over on her shoulder, her lovely little lips pursed and blowing a bubble. Their skin is what kills me so fine and perfect there seem to be no pores at all. Her Sox hat was askew. Mattie watched me reach in and readjust it so the visor’s shade fell across her closed eyes. ‘Kyra,’ I said. Mattie nodded. ‘Ladylike.’ ‘Kia is an African name,’ I said. ‘It means ‘season’s beginning.† I left her then, giving her a little wave as I headed back to the driver’s side of the Chevy. I could feel her curious eyes on me, and I had the oddest feeling that I was going to cry. That feeling stayed with me long after the two of them were out of sight; was still with me when I got to the Village Cafe. I pulled into the dirt parking lot to the left of the off-brand gas pumps and just sat there for a little while, thinking about Jo and about a home pregnancy-testing kit which had cost twenty-two-fifty. A little secret she’d wanted to keep until she was absolutely sure. That must have been it; what else could it have been? ‘Kia,’ I said. ‘Season’s beginning.’ But that made me feel like crying again, so I got out of the car and slammed the door hard behind me, as if I could keep the sadness inside that way. How to cite Bag of Bones CHAPTER SEVEN, Essay examples

Business Project Management for Petronas Tower - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Project Management for Petronas Tower. Answer: Objective The main objective behind the creation of Petronas Tower are to provide a large number of facilities, services and offices which enabled Malaysia to dominate as the leading producer of oil and natural gas in Asia and pacific, to construct the building in a way that visual integrity is not affected by existing building or any construction in near future (Bayat 2017). The building is designed in such a way that can easily attract tourist from all over the world with the help of its design and construction. The building also aims in providing a zone for various departmental store and shopping in which visitors can easily buy national and international products. Constraints Owner of Petronas Tower did not leak out the total cost of the project as they considered to keep the cost as confidential (Gong, Cui Yuan 2017). A large number of report in Malaysia stated that the total cost was around 800 million dollars. The cost involved in building per square meter of Petronas tower is around 195 dollars or 500 MYR. Technology Project mainly focuses on the use of automatic controls and advanced communication system which will ultimately help in minimizing the consumption of energy and increasing the convenience. Each floor on the tower has a local area network which for regulating air conditioner and lighting. Environment Petronas Tower are located in Golden Triangle of Kuala Lumpur. Kuala Lumpur is a clean and beautiful city with streets lined with various trees, parks and public gardens and which ultimately transforms it into a wonderland of light at night and so it is named as Garden City of lights. Measures to overcome risk Steel has been used in the construction of Petronas tower to overcome various risk in the building. Steel framing provides certain advantages like fast erection, flexibility in erection, reduce floor weight, minimized fire proofing. References Bayat, A. (2017). City Branding and the Way It Is Perceived in Peoples Mind, a Case Study of Milad Tower in Iran. InAdvances in Human Factors, Business Management, Training and Education (pp. 601-607). Springer International Publishing. Gong, J., Cui, W. and Yuan, Y., 2017. Monolithic pouring of the foundation slab of the 632?m high Shanghai Tower.Structural Concrete,18(3), pp.381-396.

Farm and Sunshine Farms free essay sample

Given the current economic climate, it is evident that most consumers will shop on price first then branding is secondary. As such, the country that is able to operate their industry at the lowest cost will control the market share of the farming industry. However, while the NAFTA has negatively impacted famers such as Sunshine Farms, it is conceivable that other segments of the US agriculture market could be seeing advances in areas where Mexico is not a dominant factor in the industry. For example, the meat, rice, corn and bean industries may be experiencing an increase in profits due to the tariff reductions resulting in increased exports to Mexico Canada. Therefore, while the study addresses highlights the negative impacts on some segments of the farming industry, there are other areas that could be benefitting from the passage of the NAFTA. Question 2: Could Sunshine Farms differentiate its products by placing a â€Å"Grown in the USA† label on them in order to charge a premium price? Sunshine Farms should make an attempt to brand its products to see if that will increase their sales, given that their products are made in the USA. We will write a custom essay sample on Farm and Sunshine Farms or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, the increased cost of branding the products should be taken into consideration to determine if the increase in sales offsets the increase in administrative costs. Given that it is already difficult to compete in the market in the current environment, Sunshine Farms cannot increase their prices to a premium to try to offset the increased administrative expenses. However, it would be a good idea to leave prices unchanged and determine if there is an increase in volume due to the branding. Also, since there are very little farmers that are doing this today, Sunshine Farms will be differentiated among the higher priced US produce, even if they are still higher than some of their Mexican counterparts. While, many consumers will be shopping on price, there is also a ‘niche’ market within any industry that will always purchase locally grown/produced products. They should be sure to determine the location where the highest population of their niche market resides and try to target those areas with a pilot branding campaign before expanding to all of Florida. Question 3: What would you recommend to Ben McDonald in order to save the farm? Recommendations for Ben McDonald to save the farm: †¢ Launch a pilot branding campaign in locations where they currently see high concentration of sales to determine if the increase in volume will offset the administrative costs. Ben should attempt to shift his focus to other areas of the industry that may be more profitable (for example: nurseries, as indicated in the case study, also other areas such as corn, beans etc. may prove to be profitable products). While, it may be difficult to completely shift the focus, it would be good to do some research on other products that are more profitable and diversify the current product base to include such products. †¢ Attempt to reduce administrative cos ts to become more competitive. This could include reduction in labor costs, increased in technology that would make production more efficient, or conducting business on a smaller scale to reduce overhead costs. †¢ Sunshine Farms could also contact and merge with other farmers in the area to assess whether a combined effort would allow them to operate at a lower cost therefore increasing aggregate profits. While the individual profits may not be as high as desired, a merger with other local farmers may help to keep Sunshine Farms in business.

Free Essays on Gandhis Philosophy

â€Å"Life is not fair; deal with it† is spoken by parents and guardians within every society and creates a foundation to live by society’s rules and regulations, without following the values and morals of the individual. However, there are those who o not follows society's mold and struggle against everything for what they believe in. .Men like Henry David Thoreau, Martin Luther King Jr., and Mohandas Gandhi have led the way for to show everyone how to express there opinions in a non-violent manner to express their misgivings of society in hopes for change. All three stood up against society in their own civil disobedience paid the price for their actions and their viewpoint was heard and understood by other citizens within the society. Although each followed the same foundation for change, their struggles were for different reasons and acquired different results. Society has often denied individuals their rights, but there are always those who fight against it. Thoreau stood up for his beliefs by not paying taxes due to his objection of the taxation being used towards the Mexican War and enforcement of slavery laws. He felt that he had a right to object to the government using his money for things that he did not want to finance; he felt he had a right to protest in acts of civil disobedience. He went on to go to jail for his choice, choosing to remain non-violent. However he realized that his disobedience would not be recognized without publicity, and without publicity his point would not get across his actions would only be that of a criminal. He refused for anyone else to pay his taxes and would rather stay in jail than pay them, he showed that his actions were justified in his means; he displayed protest, which in turn represents his actions as civil disobedience. Since he wanted to make a change in the laws of the government, he was wil ling to stay in jail in protest in an attempt to make the government to reconsider the law, ... Free Essays on Gandhi's Philosophy Free Essays on Gandhi's Philosophy â€Å"Life is not fair; deal with it† is spoken by parents and guardians within every society and creates a foundation to live by society’s rules and regulations, without following the values and morals of the individual. However, there are those who o not follows society's mold and struggle against everything for what they believe in. .Men like Henry David Thoreau, Martin Luther King Jr., and Mohandas Gandhi have led the way for to show everyone how to express there opinions in a non-violent manner to express their misgivings of society in hopes for change. All three stood up against society in their own civil disobedience paid the price for their actions and their viewpoint was heard and understood by other citizens within the society. Although each followed the same foundation for change, their struggles were for different reasons and acquired different results. Society has often denied individuals their rights, but there are always those who fight against it. Thoreau stood up for his beliefs by not paying taxes due to his objection of the taxation being used towards the Mexican War and enforcement of slavery laws. He felt that he had a right to object to the government using his money for things that he did not want to finance; he felt he had a right to protest in acts of civil disobedience. He went on to go to jail for his choice, choosing to remain non-violent. However he realized that his disobedience would not be recognized without publicity, and without publicity his point would not get across his actions would only be that of a criminal. He refused for anyone else to pay his taxes and would rather stay in jail than pay them, he showed that his actions were justified in his means; he displayed protest, which in turn represents his actions as civil disobedience. Since he wanted to make a change in the laws of the government, he was wil ling to stay in jail in protest in an attempt to make the government to reconsider the law, ...

International Business Law Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International Business Law - Research Proposal Example Some of the most common means under the present state of international business law are as follows: 1. Direct foreign sales - This is the present strategy of Hampstead, which is to sell directly to a foreign buyer (exportation). This option may not be applicable because our Company seems to have decided to set up a plant outside UK. 2. Licenses and franchises - This is typically accomplished by a licensing agreement. A license permits the licensee to exploit the subject matter of the license for a specified purpose and for a specified time. This option may not be applicable to our company the facts fails to indicate possibility. 3. Distributorships - In here, there is an agreement to market our company's products through the sales efforts of a foreign-based distributor. Under this arrangement, a distributor is free to develop the target market in any manner in which it sees fit; i.e., it is free to buy and sell for its own account, maintain inventories, and sell at prices it sets. In addition, foreign distributors sometimes receive added protection under local law. Another advantage is that a distributor may limit the supplier's (Hampstead, in this case) exposure to local tax and labor laws. The option seems to be one of our options with our plan in transporting the cars from UK to Mexico and just have a company based in Mexico to distribute our products. 4. Direct foreign investment - A domestic company may conduct international business through a subsidiary located in the foreign country. We know for a fact that a subsidiary corporation, typically, is one whose shares (typically, a majority of the voting shares, i.e., >50%) representing control of the corporation are owned by another corporation (the parent)." This option is also one that is currently considered by board. Hence, I like to point out that there is suggestion for having a wholly owned subsidiary to be controlled by our U.K. head office. Hence, this option may not allow it. However, we have the next option. 5. Branches - A branch is not a separate entity but is an extension of the domestic (e.g., U.S.) enterprise (e.g., corporation) in a host (i.e., foreign) country. It is also a practice that the enterprise might establish an operational spot in a host country, which requires direct investment in, for example, the following: 1) A research and experimental facility 2) A manufacturing plant for local sales and/or export 3) An operation that establishes a market and sales for its products and/or those of other enterprises It also mentioned the following relevant factors to operating in a host country using a branch: 1) A branch allows unqualified control as compared to operations by a subsidiary. 2) The form of a separate legal entity is not present to limit contractual or tort liability. 3) Risks of loss due to changes in host country governments are like as those associated with direct investment. This option seems to be applicable, if our Company will desire to have a 100-percent control of the decision-making. However, I have still a last option in the next. 6. A joint venture - Although a joint venture is usually thought of as a partnership, it may be engaged in by means of a corporation or other organizational form. With all due respect, may I be allowed to present to you the above options' Now if you will just allow me to

Racial inequality and political oppression of ethnic minorities leads Essay

Racial inequality and political oppression of ethnic minorities leads to typologies of criminal offenders. Discuss - Essay Example Racism as an ideology is illogical in principle and diverse in practice thus difficult to explain by a single definition. It permeates the family tree of societies and is reflected in all its attitudes, behavior, and institutions. The concept of racism may be conscious or subconscious and is expressed in actions or attitudes initiated by individuals, groups, or institutions that treat human beings unjustly because of their skin pigmentation. Racism is rooted in dysfunctional belief systems resulting from distorted perceptions formed over a period of time. We cannot ignore the significant role of the socio-cultural environment in shaping perceptual patterns. â€Å"Attitudes are a readiness or proclivity of an individual to respond in a certain way toward something† (Doobs, 1947: 138). People are inclined to respond on the basis of their own experience when it comes to social interactions and social biases such as racism. Therefore, people who have never experienced racism in a real sense have a tendency to downplay a condition of racism or discrimination. Minorities are more easily affected by racism as it is a more aggravated offense to them. Where you stand racially in a society determines your perspective on the issue. People of the majority in a social context have a propensity to feel that the world is, for the most part, a pretty fair place where people normally get what they deserve and deserve what they get. The virtuous are rewarded and evil doers are reprimanded, a conception of a just world resulting from our training as children. The inherent conclusion that can be drawn from that kind of reasoning is that those who are rewarded must be good, and those who suffer, if even from our own discrimination and prejudice, must deserve their fate (Rosado, 1998 ). If people do not see a situation as threatening to them they may conclude that it is not foreboding to others as well, often because they see the social system as

How can the strategic human resource business partner(SHRBP) add value Essay

How can the strategic human resource business partner(SHRBP) add value to the IT department - Essay Example Current paper aims to present the way in which the Strategic Human Resource Business Partner (SHRBP) can add value to the IT department and under which terms such task would be performed. Appropriate theories and models are used for justifying the role of SHRBP in the increase of value of IT department. The role of strategic human resource business partner (SHRBP) in the increase of value of IT department Strategic HR management can intervene in organizational activities at all levels of organizational hierarchy – reference is made to the organization as a unit, not just to the HR functions and sub-functions (Deb 2006). Of course, the role of HR within the organizations needs to be respected (Raj, 2007). In accordance with Morton (1999) when acting as a business partner, HR is expected to perform a series of roles: ‘strategic partner, change agent, administrative expert and employee champion’ (Morton 1999, in Armstrong, 2000, p.141). Moreover, Robinson et al. (2005) noted that HR can respond to the needs of its traditional role (deciding on the employees’ positions and tasks) as also to the needs of its strategic role (meaning the development of initiatives for the increase of organizational profits through the improvement of employee performance). As for the strategic HR management, this can intervene drastically in all organizational strategies identifying organizational failures and suggesting appropriate measures; in case that SHR manager acts as a business partner, then his ability to intervene in organizational strategies – at all organizational levels – is significantly increased. The involvement of SHRBP in the organization’s IT department would have a series of effects in the department’s structure, activities and performance. More specifically, the role of SHRBP in IT department would refer to the following activities: a) development and improvement of relationships of employees in order to improve communication and cooperation across the department; in this way, the performance of employees of the specific department would be also increased, b) improvement of information sharing; IT department is strongly depended on the management of informati

Digital Voltmeter Using An 8051 Microcontroller Computer Science Essay

Digital Voltmeter Using An 8051 Microcontroller Computer Science Essay A voltmeter finds its importance wherever voltage is to be measured. A  voltmeter  is an instrument used for measuring the  electrical potential  difference between two points in an electric circuit. Analog voltmeters move a pointer across a scale in proportion to the voltage of the circuit. General purpose analog voltmeters may have an accuracy of a few per cent of full scale, and are used with voltages from a fraction of a volt to several thousand volts. Digital voltmeters give a numerical display of voltage by use of analog to digital converter. Digital meters can be made with high accuracy, typically better than 1%. Specially calibrated test instruments have higher accuracies, with laboratory instruments capable of measuring to accuracies of a few parts per million. Meters using  amplifiers  can measure tiny voltages of micro-volts or less. Digital voltmeters (DVMs) are usually designed around a special type of  analog-to-digital converter  called an  integrating converter. Voltmeter accuracy is affected by many factors, including temperature and supply voltage variations. To ensure that a digital voltmeters reading is within the manufacturers specified tolerances, they should be periodically calibrated. Digital voltmeters necessarily have input amplifiers, and, like vacuum tube voltmeters, generally have a constant input resistance of 10 mega-ohms regardless of set measurement range. This project aims at building a Digital Voltmeter using an 8051 microcontroller. All the data accessed and processed by the microcontroller is the digital data. And thus, the usage of an analog-to-digital converter finds its necessity here. A standard analog-to-digital converter ADC0804 is used in the current project. The input voltage (which is the analog input) is restricted to be in the range of 0-15V. The processed data in the 8051 is used to drive a display output on a LCD display unit. The display is in the form of digits and is accurate to a value of one decimal. The input voltage is desired to be that of a DC voltage for steady observations of the voltage value on the LCD panel. Rather, if an AC input voltage is given at the input terminals, the output varies indefinitely as is the nature of AC voltage. Thus, the instantaneous value of the AC voltage is not steadily shown on the LCD panel. COMPONENTS Following is the entire set of the components used to build the Digital Voltmeter: Microcontroller, AT89S52 Analog-to-Digital Converter, ADC0804 161 LCD Oscillator circuit for the microcontroller 12MHz Crystal Capacitor 33pF Capacitors Voltage divider circuit/ Input terminals 200k, 100k Resistors 100nF Capacitor ADC Clock Circuit 10k Resistor 150pF Capacitor 100k Potentiometer (to adjust the back-light of the LCD) Description of the Components used Microcontroller, AT89S52 Æ’Â   The AT89S51 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 4K bytes of In-System Programmable Flash memory. The device is manufactured using Atmels high-density non-volatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry-standard 80C51 instruction set and pin-out. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional non-volatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with In-System Programmable Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S51 is a powerful microcontroller which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications. The AT89S51 provides the following standard features: 4K bytes of Flash, 128 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, Watchdog timer, two data pointers, two 16-bit timer/counters, a five-vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator, and clock circuitry. In addition, the AT89S51 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes. The Idle mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port, and interrupt system to continue functioning. The Power-down mode saves the RAM con-tents but freezes the oscillator, disabling all other chip functions until the next external interrupt or hardware reset. Pin configuration of the AT89S52 is as follows: 40-Lead PDIP VCC Supply voltage. GND Ground. Port 0 Port 0 is an 8-bit open drain bi-directional I/O port. As an output port, each pin can sink eight TTL inputs. When 1s are written to port 0 pins, the pins can be used as high-impedance inputs. Port 0 can also be configured to be the multiplexed low-order address/data bus during accesses to external program and data memory. In this mode, P0 has internal pull-ups. Port 0 also receives the code bytes during Flash programming and outputs the code bytes during program verification. External pull-ups are required during program verification. Port 1 Port 1 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 1 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 1 pins, they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 1 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the internal pull-ups. Port 1 also receives the low-order address bytes during Flash programming and verification. P1.5 MOSI (used for In-System Programming) P1.6 MISO (used for In-System Programming) P1.7 SCK (used for In-System Programming) Port 2 Port 2 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 2 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 2 pins, they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 2 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the internal pull-ups. Port 2 emits the high-order address byte during fetches from external program memory and during accesses to external data memory that use 16-bit addresses (MOVX @ DPTR). In this application, Port 2 uses strong internal pull-ups when emitting 1s. During accesses to external data memory that use 8-bit addresses (MOVX @ RI), Port 2 emits the contents of the P2 Special Function Register. Port 2 also receives the high-order address bits and some control signals during Flash programming and verification. Port 3 Port 3 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 3 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 3 pins, they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 3 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the pull-ups. Port 3 receives some control signals for Flash programming and verification. Port 3 also serves the functions of various special features of the AT89S51, as shown in the following table. Alternate functions of port 3, P3.0 RXD (serial input port) P3.1 TXD (serial output port) P3.2 INT0 (external interrupt 0) P3.3 INT1 (external interrupt 1) P3.4 T0 (timer 0 external input) P3.5 T1 (timer 1 external input) P3.6 WR (external data memory write strobe) P3.7 RD (external data memory read strobe) RST Reset input. A high on this pin for two machine cycles while the oscillator is running resets the device. This pin drives High for 98 oscillator periods after the Watchdog times out. The DIS-RTO bit in SFR AUXR (address 8EH) can be used to disable this feature. In the default state of bit DISRTO, the RESET HIGH out feature is enabled. ALE/PROG Address Latch Enable (ALE) is an output pulse for latching the low byte of the address during accesses to external memory. This pin is also the program pulse input (PROG) during Flash programming. In normal operation, ALE is emitted at a constant rate of 1/6 the oscillator frequency and may be used for external timing or clocking purposes. Note, however, that one ALE pulse is skipped during each access to external data memory. If desired, ALE operation can be disabled by setting bit 0 of SFR location 8EH. With the bit set, ALE is active only during a MOVX or MOVC instruction. Otherwise, the pin is weakly pulled high. Setting the ALE-disable bit has no effect if the microcontroller is in external execution mode. PSEN Program Store Enable (PSEN) is the read strobe to external program memory. When the AT89S51 is executing code from external program memory, PSEN is activated twice each machine cycle, except that two PSEN activations are skipped during each access to external data memory. EA/VPP External Access Enable. EA must be strapped to GND in order to enable the device to fetch code from external program memory locations starting at 0000H up to FFFFH. Note, however, that if lock bit 1 is programmed, EA will be internally latched on reset. EA should be strapped to VCC for internal program executions. This pin also receives the 12-volt programming enable voltage (VPP) during Flash programming. XTAL1 Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock operating circuit. XTAL2 Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier. Memory Organisation, Program Memory: If the EA pin is connected to GND, all program fetches are directed to external memory. On the AT89S51, if EA is connected to VCC, program fetches to addresses 0000H through FFFH are directed to internal memory and fetches to addresses 1000H through FFFFH are directed to external memory. Data Memory: The AT89S51 implements 128 bytes of on-chip RAM. The 128 bytes are accessible via direct and indirect addressing modes. Stack operations are examples of indirect addressing, so the 128 bytes of data RAM are available as stack space. Interrupts: The AT89S51 has a total of five interrupt vectors: two external interrupts (INT0 and INT1), two timer interrupts (Timers 0 and 1), and the serial port interrupt. Each of these interrupt sources can be individually enabled or disabled by setting or clearing a bit in Special Function Register IE. IE also contains a global disable bit, EA, which disables all interrupts at once. The Timer 0 and Timer 1 flags, TF0 and TF1, are set at S5P2 of the cycle in which the timers overflow. The values are then polled by the circuitry in the next cycle. ADC0804 Æ’Â   The ADC080X family are CMOS 8-Bit, successive approximation A/D converters which use a modified potentiometric ladder and are designed to operate with the 8080A control bus via three-state outputs. These converters appear to the processor as memory locations or I/O ports, and hence no interfacing logic is required. The differential analog voltage input has good common-mode-rejection and permits offsetting the analog zero input voltage value. In addition, the voltage reference input can be adjusted to a low encoding any smaller analog voltage span to the full 8 bits of resolution. The functional diagram of the ADC080X series of A/D converters operates on the successive approximation principle. Analog switches are closed sequentially by successive-approximation logic until the analog differential input voltage [VlN(+) VlN(-)] matches a voltage derived from a tapped resistor string across the reference voltage. The most significant bit is tested first and after 8 comparisons (64 clock cycles), an 8- bit binary code (1111 1111 = full scale) is transferred to an output latch. The normal operation proceeds as follows. On the high-to-low transition of the WR input, the internal SAR latches and the shift-register stages are reset, and the INTR output will be set high. As long as the CS input and WR input remain low, the A/D will remain in a reset state. Conversion will start from 1 to 8 clock periods after at least one of these inputs makes a low to high transition. After the requisite number of clock pulses to complete the conversion, the INTR pin will make a high- to-low transition. This can be used to interrupt a processor, or otherwise signal the availability of a new conversion. A RD operation (with CS low) will clear the INTR line high again. The device may be operated in the free-running mode connecting INTR to the WR input with CS = 0. To ensure start-up under all possible conditions, an external WR pulse is required during the first power-up cycle. A conversion in process can be interrupted by issuing a second start command. Digital Operation The converter is started by having CS and WR simultaneously low. This sets the start flip-flop (F/F) and the resulting 1 level resets the 8-bit shift register, resets the Interrupt (INTR) F/F and inputs a 1 to the D flip-flop, DFF1, which is at the input end of the 8-bit shift register. Internal clock signals then transfer this 1 to the Q output of DFF1. The AND gate, G1, combines this 1 output with a clock signal to provide a reset signal to the start F/F. If the set signal is no longer present (either WR or CS is a 1), the start F/F is reset and the 8-bit shift register then can have the 1 clocked in, which starts the conversion process. If the set signal were to still be present, this reset pulse would have no effect (both outputs of the start F/F would be at a 1 level) and the 8-bit shift register would continue to be held in the reset mode. This allows for asynchronous or wide CS and WR signals. After the 1 is clocked through the 8-bit shift register (which completes the SAR ope ration) it appears as the input to DFF2. As soon as this 1 is output from the shift register, the AND gate, G2, causes the new digital word to transfer to the Three-State output latches. When DFF2 is subsequently clocked, the Q output makes a high-to-low transition which causes the INTR F/F to set. An inverting buffer then supplies the INTR output signal. When data is to be read, the combination of both CS and RD being low will cause the INTR F/F to be reset and the three state output latches will be enabled to provide the 8-bit digital outputs. Digital Control Inputs The digital control inputs (CS, RD, and WR) meet standard TTL logic voltage levels. These signals are essentially equivalent to the standard A/D Start and Output Enable control signals, and are active low to allow an easy interface to microprocessor control busses. For non-microprocessor based applications, the CS input (pin 1) can be grounded and the standard A/D Start function obtained by an active low pulse at the WR input (pin 3). The Output Enable function is achieved by an active low pulse at the RD input (pin 2). Analog Operation The analog comparisons are performed by a capacitive charge summing circuit. Three capacitors (with precise ratioed values) share a common node with the input to an autozeroed comparator. The input capacitor is switched between VlN(+) and VlN(-), while two ratioed reference capacitors are switched between taps on the reference voltage divider string. The net charge corresponds to the weighted difference between the input and the current total value set by the successive approximation register. A correction is made to offset the comparison by 1/2 LSB. Analog Differential Voltage Inputs and Common- Mode Rejection This A/D gains considerable applications flexibility from the analog differential voltage input. The VlN(-) input (pin 7) can be used to automatically subtract a fixed voltage value from the input reading (tare correction). This is also useful in 4mA 20mA current loop conversion. In addition, common-mode noise can be reduced by use of the differential input. The time interval between sampling VIN(+) and VlN(-) is 41/2 clock periods. There is maximum error voltage due to this slight time difference between the input voltage samples. The allowed range of analog input voltage usually places more severe restrictions on input common-mode voltage levels than this. An analog input voltage with a reduced span and a relatively large zero offset can be easily handled by making use of the differential input. Analog Input Current The internal switching action causes displacement currents to flow at the analog inputs. The voltage on the on-chip capacitance to ground is switched through the analog differential input voltage, resulting in proportional currents entering the VIN(+) input and leaving the VIN(-) input. These current transients occur at the leading edge of the internal clocks. They rapidly decay and do not inherently cause errors as the on-chip comparator is strobed at the end of the clock period. Input Bypass Capacitors Bypass capacitors at the inputs will average these charges and cause a DC current to flow through the output resistances of the analog signal sources. This charge pumping action is worse for continuous conversions with the VIN(+) input voltage at full scale. For a 640kHz clock frequency with the VIN(+) input at 5V, this DC current is at a maximum of approximately 5uA. Therefore, bypass capacitors should not be used at the analog inputs or the VREF/2 pin for high resistance sources (>1kOhm.) If input bypass capacitors are necessary for noise filtering and high source resistance is desirable to minimize capacitor size, the effects of the voltage drop across this input resistance, due to the average value of the input current, can be compensated by a full scale adjustment while the given source resistor and input bypass capacitor are both in place. This is possible because the average value of the input current is a precise linear function of the differential input voltage at a constant conversion rate. Input Source Resistance Large values of source resistance where an input bypass capacitor is not used will not cause errors since the input currents settle out prior to the comparison time. If a low-pass filter is required in the system, use a low-value series resistor for a passive RC section or add an op amp RC active low-pass filter. For low-source-resistance applications, a 0.1uF bypass capacitor at the inputs will minimize EMI due to the series lead inductance of a long wire. A 100Ohm series resistor can be used to isolate this capacitor (both the R and C are placed outside the feedback loop) from the output of an op amp, if used. Stray Pickup The leads to the analog inputs (pins 6 and 7) should be kept as short as possible to minimize stray signal pickup (EMI). Both EMI and undesired digital-clock coupling to these inputs can cause system errors. The source resistance for these inputs should, in general, be kept below 5kÃŽÂ ©. Larger values of source resistance can cause undesired signal pickup. Input bypass capacitors, placed from the analog inputs to ground, will eliminate this pickup but can create analog scale errors as these capacitors will average the transient input switching currents of the A/D (see Analog Input Current). This scale error depends on both a large source resistance and the use of an input bypass capacitor. This error can be compensated by a full scale adjustment of the A/D (see Full Scale Adjustment) with the source resistance and input bypass capacitor in place, and the desired conversion rate. Reference Voltage Span Adjust For maximum application flexibility, these A/Ds have been designed to accommodate a 5V, 2.5V or an adjusted voltage reference. This has been achieved in the design of the IC. Notice that the reference voltage for the IC is either 1/2 of the voltage which is applied to the V+ supply pin, or is equal to the voltage which is externally forced at the VREF/2 pin. This allows for a pseudo-ratiometric voltage reference using, for the V+ supply, a 5V reference voltage. Alternatively, a voltage less than 2.5V can be applied to the VREF/2 input. The internal gain to the VREF/2 input is 2 to allow this factor of 2 reduction in the reference voltage. Zero Error The zero of the A/D does not require adjustment. If the minimum analog input voltage value, VlN(MlN), is not ground, a zero offset can be done. The converter can be made to output 0000 0000 digital code for this minimum input voltage by biasing the A/D VIN(-) input at this VlN(MlN) value. This utilizes the differential mode operation of the A/D. The zero error of the A/D converter relates to the location of the first riser of the transfer function and can be measured by grounding the VIN(-) input and applying a small magnitude positive voltage to the VIN(+) input. Zero error is the difference between the actual DC input voltage which is necessary to just cause an output digital code transition from 0000 0000 to 0000 0001 and the ideal 1/2 LSB value (1/2 LSB = 9.8mV for VREF/2 = 2.500V). Full Scale Adjust The full scale adjustment can be made by applying a differential input voltage which is 11/2 LSB down from the desired analog full scale voltage range and then adjusting the magnitude of the VREF/2 input (pin 9) for a digital output code which is just changing from 1111 1110 to 1111 1111. When offsetting the zero and using a span-adjusted VREF/2 voltage, the full scale adjustment is made by inputting VMlN to the VIN(-) input of the A/D and applying a voltage to the VIN(+) input. Clocking Option The clock for the A/D can be derived from an external source such as the CPU clock or an external RC network can be added to provide self-clocking. The CLK IN (pin 4) makes use of a Schmitt trigger. Heavy capacitive or DC loading of the CLK R pin should be avoided as this will disturb normal converter operation. Loads less than 50pF, such as driving up to 7 A/D converter clock inputs from a single CLK R pin of 1 converter, are allowed. For larger clock line loading, a CMOS or low power TTL buffer or PNP input logic should be used to minimize the loading on the CLK R pin (do not use a standard TTL buffer). Restart During a Conversion If the A/D is restarted (CS and WR go low and return high) during a conversion, the converter is reset and a new conversion is started. The output data latch is not updated if the conversion in progress is not completed. The data from the previous conversion remain in this latch. Continuous Conversions In this application, the CS input is grounded and the WR input is tied to the INTR output. This WR and INTR node should be momentarily forced to logic low following a power-up cycle to insure circuit operation. Interfacing the Microcontroller Interfacing the ADC0804 with 8051 Æ’Â   As shown in the typica circuit, ADC0804 can be interfaced with any microcontroller. A minimum of 11 pins are required to interface the ADC0804, eight for data pins and 3 for control pins. As shown in the typical circuit the chip select pin can be made low if you are not using the microcontroller port for any other  peripheral  (multiplexing). There is a  universal  rule to find out how to use an IC. All we need is the datasheet of the IC we are working with and a look at the  timing diagram  of the IC which shows how to send the data, which signal to assert and at what time  the signal  should be made high or low, etc. Timing Diagrams, Pin Description 1.  Ã‚  CS, Chip Select: This is an active low pin and used to activate the ADC0804. 2.  Ã‚  RD, Read: This is an input pin and active low. After converting the analog data, the ADC stores the result in an internal register. This pin is used to get the data out of the ADC 0804 chip. When CS=0 high to low pulse is given to this pin, the digital output is shown on the pins D0-D7. 3.  Ã‚  WR, Write: This is an input pin and active low. This is used to instruct the ADC to start the conversion process. If CS=0 and WR makes a low to high transition, the ADC starts the conversion process. 4.  Ã‚  CLK IN, Clock IN: This is an input pin connected to an external clock source. 5.  Ã‚  INTR, Interrupt: This is an active low output pin. This pin goes low when the conversion is over. 6.   Vin+ : Analog Input . 7.   Vin- : Analog Input. Connected to ground. 8.  Ã‚  AGND: Analog Ground. 9.  Ã‚  Vref/2: This pin is used to set the reference voltage. If this is not connected the default reference voltage is 5V. In some application it is required to reduce the step size. This can be done by using this pin. 10.   DGND: Digital Ground. 11-18. Output Data Bits (D7-D0). 19. CLKR: Clock Reset. 20. Vcc: Positive Supply The above timing diagrams are from ADC0804 datasheet. The first diagram shows how to start a conversion. Also you can see which signals are to be asserted and at what time to start a conversion. So looking into the timing diagram  we note down the steps or say the order in which signals are to be asserted to start a conversion of ADC. As we have decided to make Chip select pin as low so we need not to bother about the CS signal in the  timing diagram. Below steps are for starting an ADC conversion. I am also including CS signal to give you a clear picture. While programming we will not use this signal. Make chip select (CS) signal low. Make write (WR) signal low. Make chip select (CS) high. Wait for INTR pin to go low (means conversion ends). Once the conversion in ADC is done, the data is available in the output latch of the ADC. Looking at the second diagram, which shows the  timing diagram  of  how to read  the converted value from the output latch of the ADC, data of the new conversion is only available for reading after ADC0804 made INTR pin low or say when the conversion is over. Below are the steps to read output from the ADC0804. Make chip select (CS) pin low. Make read (RD) signal low. Read the data from port where ADC is connected. Make read (RD) signal high. Make chip select (CS) high. Interfacing the LCD with 8051 Æ’Â   Pin Information of LCD: Pin No Name Description 1 Vss Ground 2 Vdd +5V 3 Vee Contrast Adjustment -2V to -5V 4 RS Register Select 5 RW 1 -Read , 0- Write 6 E Enable Strobe 7 D0 Data Line 8 D1 Data Line 9 D2 Data Line 10 D3 Data Line 11 D4 Data Line 12 D5 Data Line 13 D6 Data Line 14 D7 Data Line 15 LED+ Backlit LED +V   Vdd (Optional signal) 16 LED- Backlit LED -V   Vss (Optional signal) Algorithm to send data to LCD: 1.Make R/W low 2.Make RS=0 ;if data byte is command RS=1 ;if data byte is data (ASCII value) 3.Place data byte on data register 4.Pulse E (HIGH to LOW) 5.Repeat the steps to send another data byte LCD Initialization: Proper working of LCD depend on the how the LCD is initialized. We have to send few command bytes to initialize the LCD. Simple steps to initialize the LCD Specify function set: Send  38H  for 8-bit, double line and 57 dot character format. Display On-Off control: Send  0FH  for display and blink cursor on. Entry mode set: Send  06H  for cursor in increment position and shift is invisible. Clear display: Send  01H  to clear display and return cursor to home position. Writing software: The LCD module is an intelligent component. We communicate to LCD module by sending commands from microcontroller. To write data to LCD module separate sequence is followed for 4 bit and 8 bit mode. Writing command for 8 Bit mode: Write 8 bit data on D0-D7 Generate strobe by taking EN from high to low Writing command for 4 Bit mode: Write 4 bit data (upper nibble) on D4-D7 Generate strobe by taking EN from high to low Write 4 bit data (lower nibble) on D4-D7 Generate strobe by taking EN from high to low LCD Commands:   Instruction RS RW D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Description NOP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 No Operation Clear Display 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Clear Display and Address counter = 0 Cursor Home 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 x Address counter = 0 Entry mode set 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 I/D S Set cursor direction(I/D) and auto display shift (S) Display Control 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 D C B Turn display (D) and cursor (C) ON/OFF. Set cursor blinking(B) Cursor/ Display shift 0 0 0 0 0 1 S R/L x x Shift display/cursor (S), specify direction (R/L) Function set 0 0 0 0 1 DL N F x x Set Interface data width (DL), number of display lines (N), character font (F) Set CGRAM Address 0 0 0 1 Set CGRAM address (D0-D5), CGRAM data is sent after this command Set DDRAM Address 0 0 1 Set DDRAM address (D0-D6), DDRAM data is sent after this command Busy Flag and Address 0 1 BF Read busy flag (BF) and address counter(D0-D6) Write Data 1 0 Write data (D0-D7) into DDRAM/CGRAM Read Data 1 1 Read data (D0-D7) from DDRAM/CGRAM Legends used in table:- I/D:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1- Increment, 0- Decrement S:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1- Auto Display shift, 0 No display shift D:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1- Display ON, 0 Display OFF C:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1- Cursor ON, 0- Cursor OFF B:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1- Cursor blinking ON, 0 Cursor blinking OFF S:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1- Display Shift, 0 -Cursor move R/L:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1- Shift right, 0- Shift left DL:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1- 8 bit interface, 0- 4 bit interface N:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1- 2 lines, 0- 1 line F:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1- 5X10 dots font, 0- 5X7 dots f

Islamic Societys Treatment of Women Essay -- Religion Islam Muslim

Islamic Society's Treatment of Women From the time of birth, a Muslim woman's place in Islamic society already has a shadow cast over it. Instead of the joyous cry that boys receive of "Allah Abkar"1 when they are born, a baby girl is welcomed into the world with a hushed Qurannic prayer. Although Islam venomously denies its role in the suppression of women, a survey of Islamic countries reveals that women are denied their humanity. The status of women in Islamic countries is undeniably inferior to men. Over the last twenty years, progress has been made in many countries which has helped elevate the roles which Muslim women play in their societies. Although progress has been made in certain countries, there still exist those Islamic countries where being born female guarantees a lack of rights, liberty, and happiness. This paper will explore the question, "What forces are limiting the Muslim woman's equivocal participation in Islamic society?" Islam's followers are approximated at 1.2 billion, which makes it a runner up only to Christianity that has about 2 million adherents. Women constitute about half of that population. However, it is important to note that this paper examines the treatment of women in the strongholds of the Islamic domain. These populations include the Arab countries of Saudi Arabi, Syria, Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Turkey, Jordan, Kuwait, Yemen, Israel, Oman, and Lebanon. Muslim women of the African countries of Sudan, Libya, Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia are also weighed in this analysis. In addition to these better known Islamic countries, the paper also observes the societal treatment of women in Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, India, and Bangladesh. About 90... ...d rationalists of yesteryear who tried to import Greek ideas...Women have been, are, and will continue to be targets of intimidation and violence, whether from regimes in power or opposition movements that hark back to the past. It happened in Pakistan in the 1980s; it is still going on in Iran; and today at the beginning of the 1990s, it is happening in Algeria. Tomorrow the same thing can happen elsewhere...Today they constitute one of the most dynamic components of the developing civil society. Although up to the present they are still politically unorganized, they have succeeded in infiltrating one of the citadels which was long forbidden to them: formal education. Education, with high school and university diplomas, is women's new acquisition. Until now all women were taught to do, from housework to carpet weaving, was devalued and poorly paid.

Home Rehab Day at Tymco

During the rehab, the staff members from different units at Tymco became better acquainted. First, everyone in this activity shared ideas and took responsibility for what they were expert on. Second, they trusted each group to work on different things. At last, the case also provides evidence that people worked in Tymco who came from different units worked a lot with each other rather than worked with people from their own discipline.For example, Boudreau, the supervisor of technical documentation, worked with Benito from translation services and Jenkins from technical training, but not just worked with his own discipline workmates. Team spirit grows The home rehab day really gave a boost to team spirit. We can see that each member accepted assigned or self-appointed responsibility. They also discovered strengths and weakness. Only two days, they finished rehab the house. They worked well together. The ten participants painting the house together toward the end of the project showed that teamwork was developing.At the end of the day, they exchanged smiles, high fives and hugs [1], and received positive feedback from the family. Problems in the house rehab day At the end of the day, Ian, a staff from the technical manual group, commented that replacing shingles having no particular impact on becoming a better team player. Ian’s comment was valid on both sides: fixing shingles didn’t fix relationships, and also valid because fixing that shingle couldn’t consider you a team player.I agree with Ian’s comment because before we can have a better team player, it takes time to build up some bonds in order to get to work together. Maria and Cortez can’t really expect that a 2-days activity would change members’ perspective of working in a group. In my opinion, these kinds of activities should take place regularly maybe once a month. Also, the case mentioned that employees have actually never have lunch together, so maybe if they do that too, the relationship between them will be better.